SS Elsinore
Elsinore was a steam tanker built in 1913 by the Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson of Newcastle. She was one of the first tankers chartered by Union Oil Company for their expanding oil delivery operations in the Pacific.
History | |
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Name: | Elsinore |
Owner: | Bear Creek Oil & Shipping Co. |
Operator: | Union Oil Co. |
Builder: | Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson |
Yard number: | 931[1] |
Launched: | November 12, 1913 |
Christened: | Elsinore |
Commissioned: | December 1913 |
Homeport: | Liverpool |
Identification: |
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Fate: | Sunk, September 11, 1914 |
General characteristics | |
Type: | Tanker |
Tonnage: | |
Length: | 420 ft 5 in (128.14 m) |
Beam: | 54 ft 6 in (16.61 m) |
Depth: | 32 ft 4 in (9.86 m) |
Installed power: | 484 Nhp[2] |
Propulsion: | Wellsend & Slipway 3-cylinder triple expansion |
Speed: | 10.0 knots |
Design and Construction
In early 1910s Union Oil Company experienced significant shortage of shipping tonnage due to rapidly expanding South American contracts and looked to add several tankers to its existing fleet of 14. The company was engaged in oil transportation from California to ports in Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Hawaii, and Central and South America. On August 1, 1912 the Union Oil Company entered into an agreement with a British ship broker to charter for a term of seven years, commencing from the date of delivery, a "good British Tank Steamer, to be built....and estimated to have a total deadweight carrying capacity of about 9,700 tons".[3] The charterer agreed to pay £2,850 per calendar month commencing on date of delivery of the ship.[3] The ship was laid down in 1913 at Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson shipyard at Wallsend, launched on November 12, 1913 (yard number 931), and commissioned in early December of the same year.[1] As built, the ship was 420 feet 5 inches (128.14 m) long (between perpendiculars) and 54 feet 6 inches (16.61 m) abeam, a mean draft of 32 feet 4 inches (9.86 m).[2] Elsinore was assessed at 6,542 GRT and 4,169 NRT.[2] The vessel had a steel hull, and a single 484 nhp triple-expansion steam engine, with cylinders of 27-inch (69 cm), 45-inch (110 cm), and 75-inch (190 cm) diameter with a 48-inch (120 cm) stroke, that drove a single screw propeller, and moved the ship at up to 10.0 knots (11.5 mph; 18.5 km/h).[2]
Operational history
Elsinore was delivered to their owner, Bear Creek Oil & Shipping Co. in early December 1913, and was immediately chartered by the Pacific Creosote Company to deliver creosote to their facilities in the Pacific Northwest. The vessel loaded her cargo in Amsterdam and departed on December 20, 1913 to St. Helens and Seattle.[4] She arrived there at the end of February, unloaded her cargo and proceeded to San Francisco where she arrived on March 1.[5]
Elsinore was formally transferred to the Union Oil Company on March 12, 1914, when she left San Francisco for Balboa stopping off to load oil at Port San Luis, the major oil storage and shipping facility for Union Oil.[6] She reached Balboa on March 27[7], unloaded her cargo and left for California on March 30.[8] Upon arrival, Elsinore loaded 57,000 barrels of fuel oil and departed for Chile on April 21,[9] arriving in Antofagasta on May 4.[10] She departed Antofagasta three days later and reached San Francisco on May 27.[11] A week later she loaded 55,000 barrels of fuel oil at Port San Luis,[12] and headed again for Chile, arriving in Antofagasta on June 25, proceeding to Iquique which she departed from on June 29.[13] Upon arrival in Port San Luis on July 14, Elsinore took on more oil and headed for Balboa where she arrived on July 30, unloaded her cargo and departed on August 1.[14]
Sinking
On August 22 Elsinore loaded 60,000 barrels of fuel oil in Port San Luis, 35,000 for Guatemala, and 25,000 for Nicaragua.[15] She departed for her last trip on August 24, and arrived in Corinto, Nicaragua on September 4. After unloading her cargo, Elsinore left the port on September 6, heading back to Port San Luis in water ballast.[3] Even though the ship master received appropriate directions from the Admiralty in August, and proceeded with reduced lights, he chose to cut straight across the Gulf of California, instead of keeping in Mexican territorial waters as long as possible.[16]
In the early morning hours of September 11, in heavy rain, Elsinore lookouts failed to notice the German cruiser Leipzig, steaming on her course towards Panama, early enough to attempt to alter their course. At 2:30, about 73 miles southwest of Cape Corrientes in approximate position 19°39′N 106°46′W, Elsinore was detected by Leipzig at short distance, the ship was ordered to stop, the crew was taken prisoner and the tanker was sunk with gunfire.[16] The crew was later disembarked by Leipzig on one of the Galapagos Islands, from where they travelled to Guayaquil, arriving there on October 2.[17]
Notes
- "Tyne Built Ships". Retrieved 2017-12-11.
- Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motorships. London: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. 1914–15.CS1 maint: date format (link)
- "Union Oil Co vs. Germany" (PDF). 1926. pp. 338–340. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
- Weekly Commercial News,v.48, No.2, p.6 (1914)
- Weekly Commercial News,v.48, No.10, p.10 (1914)
- Weekly Commercial News,v.48, No.11, p.11 (1914)
- Panama Canal Record,v.7, p.308
- Panama Canal Record,v.7, p.314
- Weekly Commercial News,v.48, No.19, p.7 (1914)
- Weekly Commercial News,v.48, No.19, p.14 (1914)
- Weekly Commercial News,v.48, No.22, p.13 (1914)
- Weekly Commercial News,v.48, No.25, p.9 (1914)
- Weekly Commercial News,v.49, No.1, p.7 (1914)
- Weekly Commercial News,v.49, No.6, p.7 (1914)
- Weekly Commercial News,v.49, No.10, p.8 (1914)
- Fayle, p. 229
- Bisher, p. 15
References
- Fayle, C. Ernest (1920). History of the Great War. Seaborne Trade, Vol. I. London, UK: John Murray.
- Bisher, Jamie (2016). The Intelligence War in Latin America, 1914-1922. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 978-0786433506.