SNCF Class X 3800

The SNCF X 3800 class are diesel railcars with an elevated off-center control cabin.[1] It is often said that they were nicknamed “Picassos” because the off-center cabin was reminiscent of paintings by Pablo Picasso featuring faces where the eyes and nose were completely offset.[2] The nickname may though have come from the number of early paint schemes applied to the class.

SNCF X 3800
Preserved example, unit number X4042, shown in 2009.
ManufacturerRenault / ANF / De Dietrich Ferroviaire / SACM
Constructed1950–1961
Number built251
Fleet numbersX 3801 – X 4051
Specifications
Car length21.851 metres (71 ft 8 1⁄4 in) over buffers
Width3.090 metres (10 ft 1 5⁄8 in)
Height3.952 metres (12 ft 11 5⁄8 in)
Wheel diameter860 mm (33.86 in)
Maximum speed120 km/h (75 mph)
Weight31.5 tonnes (31.0 long tons; 34.7 short tons)
Prime mover(s)Saurer BZDSe or Renault
Engine typeDiesel
Power output250 kW (335 hp)
Transmissionmechanical
UIC classificationB′2′
Bogies
  • Motor: Y 107
  • Trailer: Y 108
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)

The X3800 served on secondary lines all over the French rail network. The elevated control cabin allowed the railcars to operate in forward and reverse modes, allowing for ease of operation. One example is preserved at the Cité du Train. [3]

Technical Details

The X 3800 featured a mechanical transmission with a truck-type clutch and gearbox. The units had a 20m long carbody that rested on two bogies, and weighed 34 tonnes. They ran at speeds of up to 110 km/h (68 mph) (with 120 kilometres per hour or 75 miles per hour possible). They could haul unpowered trailers and could be operated singly or twinned with other units. The direct mechanical engine controls required each powered unit to have its own driver so they could not be operated as true multiple units. Units were built with two types of diesel engines: Renault 517 diesel powered units 3801 to 3835 and a Saurer BZDS diesel powered units 3836 to 3856. The units were designed to be robust and simple (but were noisy), often parked outside in the winter. The driver sat facing sideways in a raised cabin above the engine compartment, accessed from the baggage compartment. The main mechanical controls were directly connected by levers to the diesel engine, clutch and gearbox. The units were widely used from the 1950s to the 1980s, particularly on secondary lines with often poorer quality track than the main lines,[4] at a lower cost than comparable steam trains of the era. The units were reliable and, from the end opposite the engine compartment, offered passengers a wide-open view of the track.[5] The diesel engines produced 300 hp and were water-cooled. The X 3800 burned 50–55 litres of diesel fuel per 100 km (5.1–5.1 mpg‑imp; 4.3–4.3 mpg‑US), giving the unit a range of about 700 kilometres (430 mi). The car bodies were of welded construction.[6]

The X 3800 were built from 1950 to 1961. 251 units were built, given unit numbers X 3801 to X 4051 by the SNCF. Each X 3800 could hold 62 passengers,[7] with smoking and non-smoking compartments, a toilet, and a baggage area located behind the engine compartment [6]

Routes Served

The X 3800 units were used on the majority of non-electrified lines across the entirety of France. Some of the routes served include:

  • Laroche-Migennes - Corbigny
  • Nantes - Saint-Nazaire
  • Annemasse - Genève-Eaux-Vives (International Service)
  • Annemasse - Bellegarde
  • Bellegarde -Divonne-les-Bains
  • Montchanin - Besançon
  • Besançon - Bourg-en-Bresse
  • Lyon - Bourg-en-Bresse
  • Valence - Grenoble - Chambéry - Aix-les-Bains
  • Nevers -Montchanin - Le Creusot
  • Épinal - Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
  • Épinal - Remiremont
  • Saintes - La Rochelle
  • Nice - Cannes
  • Caen - Argentan
  • Nantes - Saint-Nazaire
  • Poitiers - La Rochelle
  • La Rochelle - Saintes
  • Rouen - Le Havre
  • Charleville-Mézières - Givet
  • Belfort - Mulhouse
  • Sarrebourg - Abreschviller
  • Vierzon - Montluçon
  • Nevers - Montchanin
  • Cahors - Capdenac
  • Cahors - Montauban
  • Agen - Montauban
  • Gare de Dinant - Charleville-Mézières (International Service)
  • Paris - Dreux
  • Paris-Est - Sézanne (later Paris-Est - La Ferté-Gaucher)
  • Navettes Freyming-Merlebach - Petite-Rosselle
  • Navettes Paris-Est - Paris-Ourcq
  • Villefranche - Perpignan
  • Bollwiller - Lautenbach

Base Depots
  • Bordeaux (1975 - 28 May 1988)
  • Chalindrey (1970 - 1980)
  • Châlons-sur-Marne (1958 - 1969)
  • Chalon-sur-Saône (1964 - 1973)
  • Clermont-Ferrand (Since 1952)
  • Douai (1954 - 1968)
  • Evreux (Since 1958)
  • La Plaine (1975 - 1985)
  • La Rochelle - Bongraine (Transferred from Saintes, 1960 - 1976)
  • Laroche-Migennes (1965 - 1972)
  • Le Mans-Pontlieue (1951 - 1970)
  • Limoges (Since 1951)
  • Longueau (1970 - 1977)
  • Lyon-Perrache (1952, transferred to Lyon-Vaise in 1957)
  • Lyon-Vaise (Transferred from Lyon-Perrache, 1957 - 1980)
  • Marseille-Blancarde (Transferred from Marseille-Saint-Charles, 1957 - 1975)
  • Marseille-Saint-Charles (February 1955, transferred to Marseille-Blancarde in 1957)
  • Mohon (1959 - May 1987)
  • Nancy-Heillecourt (1951 - 1970)
  • Nantes (Since 1951)
  • Narbonne (Since 1958)
  • Nevers (1970 - May 1987)
  • Nice-Saint-Roch (September 1954 - 1961)
  • Noisy-le-Sec (Since 1959)
  • Rouen-Orléans (Since 1951)
  • Rennes (1st base depot for the class with X 3801 delivered in 1950, active until 1980)
  • Rouge-Barres, près de Lille (Since 1951)
  • Saintes (1951 - 1960, then transferred to La Rochelle-Bongraine )
  • Sotteville (1970 - 1987, except X 3997, staying until 2014)
  • Tours-Saint-Pierre (1955 - 1967)
  • Vesoul (Since 1951)
  • Vitry-le-François (1953 - 1960)

Notable Units
  • X 3823 was seen in the film Les Vacances du petit Nicolas
  • X 3953 was renumbered to X 93953 blue and white for the ligne de Bréauté - Beuzeville à Fécamp, then renumbered back to X 3953.
  • X 3896 was rebuilt on the 23 of July, 1976, by the "Ateliers de Périgueux" into a rail inspection vehicle, replacing the X 42511. As a result, it received a green livery, underlined by grey lines. Since 1988, this unit has been used by the Service de la Recherche for work on the "ASTREE" project, an early iteration of the ERTMS signalling system.
  • X 3900 underwent the same rebuilding as X 3896 in 1976. In 1993, it was purchased by "l'Autorail Touristique du Minervois", held at the Clermont-Ferrand depot before operating on behalf of the "Chemins de Fer de la Haute Auvergne" (Gentiane Express) in 1997. Since then, it has been stationed at Bort-les-Orgues (19) and is undergoing an exterior refurbishment.
  • X 3997 was rebuilt into a SNCF maintenance vehicle, and received a green & grey livery with orange bands. Initially, it was used for signalling maintenance/installation, later being equipped with special rail resistance-detecting wheels. In the 1990s, it was used for shunting tasks.
  • An engine of this class was seen in the movie Le Corniaud

Preserved Units

Operating
  • X 3814 : Train touristique de Puisaye-Forterre (TTPPF - AATY)
  • X 3817 : Chemin de fer touristique de la vallée de l'Aa
  • X 3823 : Chemin de Fer de la Vendée
  • X 3824 : FACS confié à l'AGRIVAP
  • X 3835 : Train touristique de Puisaye-Forterre (TTPPF - AATY)
  • X 3837 : Chemin de fer touristique de la Vallée de la Canner
  • X 3838 : Chemin de Fer Touristique du Sud des Ardennes[8]
  • X 3850 : Chemin de Fer Touristique du Sud des Ardennes[8]
  • X 3853 : Chemin de fer touristique de la vallée de l'Aa
  • X 3867 : Agrivap, ex Train Touristique du Mont des Avaloirs (Alençon-Près en Pail), racheté par Agrivap en 2000, remis en service depuis juin 2001. Visible dans le film Être et Avoir.
  • X 3886 : ARE, puis revendu à l'association "Les Autorails de Bourgogne et de Franche-Comté"
  • X 3890 : Association Chemins de fer du Centre-Bretagne[9] (CFCB)
  • X 3898 : Chemin de Fer Touristique du Sud des Ardennes[8]
  • X 3900 : Autorail de Commandement, basé à Bort-les-Orgues par l'association des Chemins de Fer de la Haute Auvergne Gentiane Express (cet autorail n'assurant pas pour le moment les circulations du Gentiane Express)
  • X 3926 : Anciennement CFTS, aujourd'hui rénové avec 1st class entièrement d'origine par le TFBCO en vue d'une exploitation sur Mézy-Montmirail[10]
  • X 3943 : Chemin de Fer Touristique du Sud des Ardennes[8]
  • X 3944 : Restored on the 14 of May, 2001 by Train du Pays Cathare et du Fenouillèdes.[11] En 2015, il est en cours de restauration intégrale et de réaménagement.
  • X 3953 : Train touristique de la Sarthe TRANSVAP - ancien X 93953 bleu et blanc
  • X 3959 : Undergoing restoration by Chemin de Fer de Charente-Limousine
  • X 3968 : Chemin de fer touristique du Haut Quercy
  • X 3976 : Train touristique du centre-Var, Carnoules
  • X 3998 : Chemin de Fer à vapeur des Trois Vallées Mariembourg (Belgium)
  • X 4001 : Chemin de Fer du Haut Forez
  • X 4039 : Autorails de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (ABFC), the only unit certified by the réseau ferré national and for 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph)[12]
  • X 4046 : Association Autorail Lorraine Champagne Ardenne

Non-operable, preserved for parts, or scrapped
  • X 3801 : Chemin de Fer Touristique des Hautes Falaises (Wreck)
  • X 3810 : Train touristique du centre-Var (Wreck)
  • X 3818 : Chemin de Fer Touristique de la Traconne (purchased by the town of Sézanne [13])
  • X 3825 : Train touristique du Cotentin, sold in 1998 to Quercyrail (Out of service)
  • X 3846 : Chemin de Fer Touristique du Minervois (Scrapped in 2012)
  • X 3847 : Musée de Mulhouse, front third preserved - front compartment, motor and driver's cabin
  • X 3865 : Train touristique de l'Ardèche méridionale, association Viaduc 07 (Scrapped in July 2010).
  • X 3866 : Chemin de fer touristique du Vermandois (Out of service, undergoing a restoration)
  • X 3871 : Train touristique de Puisaye-Forterre (TTPPF - AATY) (Wreck)
  • X 3876 : Auberge du chemin de Fer de Lanester (56) (Transformed into a cottage)
  • X 3897 : ACTA (Wreck)
  • X 3907 : Tourism unit Étretat-Pays de Caux (Wrecked and scrapped)
  • X 3934 : Agrivap (Severely damaged in a 1998 collision, select pieces recovered, chassis scrapped).
  • X 3937 : Association de modélistes Rambolitrain, Rambouillet (78) (Scrapped, motor purchased by Agrivap)
  • X 3997 : Rail inspection vehicle (Sent to the Culoz demolition facility in February 2014)
  • X 4013 : Served as a locker room for a night club in the old Sancerre station (18) (Scrapped)
  • X 4025 : Preserved by the ABFC in Perrigny-lès-Dijon (21) (Scrapped in 2001)
  • X 4028 : CFT du Minervois, in Narbonne (11) - Stationed by TPCF at Caudiès (Scrapped in March 2013)
  • X 4042 : Musée de la Mine du Carreau Wendel (Out of service)
  • X 4051 : CFTA-Carhaix (Out of service)

Model Renditions

This unit has been represented in HO scale by the Jouef, LS Models, Mistral Trains Models groups and the Editions Atlas (static), as well as N scale by Transmondia. In O scale, AMJL offered Picasso kits or assembled.

Anecdotes

X 4046 preserved by l'association Autorail Lorraine Champagne-Ardenne, served as the setting for the song by Laurent Voulzy, "Paradoxal Système" in 1992.[14]

  • X 3817, préservé par le CFTVA, en gare de Lumbres.
  • Le kiosque de conduite vu en contre-plongée.
  • Vue du poste de conduite vers l'avant de l'autorail coté moteur.
  • Pupitre de conduite.
  • Vue depuis le poste de conduite, vers l'arrière de l'autorail.
  • Vue de la salle arrière de l'autorail.
  • Autorail X4001 préservé par l'Association du Haut Forez.
  • Détails du bogie arrière.
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References
  1. Caron, François; Bachet, Olivier (1999). Le patrimoine de la SNCF et des chemins de fer français, Volume 2 [Heritage of the SNCF and of French Railways, Volume 2] (in French). Flohic. ISBN 2842340698.
  2. Papazian, André. Encyclopédie du train, volume 1, locomotives & automotrices [Encyclopedia of the train, Volume 1, locomotives and railcars] (in French). éditions E.T.A.I.
  3. "Quai No. 4". Les quais de l'histoire. La Cite du Train. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
  4. "Michelines et Autorails, L'autorail X-3800 dit Picasso". Editions Atlas (in French). 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  5. Michel Joindot. "Les autorails- L'X3890 : autorail "Picasso" baptisé "Ville de Loudéac"". CFCB - Chemins de Fer du Centre-Bretagne (Central Brittany Railroads) (in French). Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  6. "Autorail X3800, dit "Picasso"". vendee-vapeur.fr (in French). Association Chemin de Fer de la Vendée. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  7. "X 3800 "Picasso"". Autorails.com (in French). 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  8. Site CFTSA, Matériel Autorails, avec le détail de leurs parcours depuis la mise en service lire Archived 2008-11-11 at the Wayback Machine (consulté le 25/08/2009)
  9. Site CFCB, la restauration de l'X3890 : le déroulement du projet de restauration (1991-2005) lire en ligne (consulté le 30 septembre 2010).
  10. Site du TFBCO (Tourisme Ferroviaire de la Brie Champenoise à l'Omois)
  11. Source site du TPCF, menu : onglet photos, lien Du Picasso aux Caravelles lire,
    L'autorail est finalement parvenu le 14 mai 2001, en gare de Caudiès-de-Fenouillèdes, où, rapidement remis en état, il a pu faire ses preuves (...) En 2008, il devrait reprendre du service pour le Parcours des Viaducs
    (consulté le 24/08/2009)
  12. « L'X 4039 remis à neuf », Rail Passion n°253, novembre 2018, page 3.
  14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ftrhUBG9dg
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