Ruth Bishop

Ruth Frances Bishop AC (born 12 May 1933)[1] is an Australian virologist, who was a leading member of the team that discovered the human rotavirus.

Ruth Bishop

AC
Ruth Bishop circa 1980
Born (1933-05-12) 12 May 1933
Dandenong, Victoria, Australia
NationalityAustralian
Alma materUniversity of Melbourne
Known forDiscovery of human rotavirus
AwardsOfficer of the Order of Australia (1996)
Prince Mahidol Award (2011)
Florey Medal (2013)
Companion of the Order of Australia (2019)
Scientific career
FieldsVirology
InstitutionsRoyal Children's Hospital
World Health Organization
University of Melbourne

Biography

Bishop was born in Dandenong, Victoria,[1] and grew up in Frankston where her father was principal of Frankston High School.[2]

In 1973, Bishop, along with Geoffrey Davidson (Royal Children's Hospital) and collaborators Ian Holmes and Brian Ruck (University of Melbourne), examined cells from the intestines of children with gastroenteritis. Intestinal biopsies were taken at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, and sent to Ian Holmes and Brian Ruck (University of Melbourne) to be examined by electron-microscopy.[3]

Under the electron microscope cells were seen to be infected with viruses, which were originally named "duovirus" because they were seen in the duodenum and had a double capsid. The name "rotavirus" was later suggested by the Irishman, Thomas Henry Flewett, because of the round, wheel-like shape of virus particles. Rotaviruses cause diarrhoea and vomiting in young children and are a leading cause of death in the developing countries. Three thousand children are now hospitalised with rotavirus every year, down from 10,000 before the vaccine was introduced in 2007. Bishop says the invention of electron microscopy helped her make the discovery. The team's work has led to global control of rotavirus.

Dr Bishop has also published theoretical works about the patterns in the epidemiology of rotavirus infection.[4]

From 1983 to 1988, Dr Bishop was Chair of the Committee on Diarrhoeal Diseases with the World Health Organization (WHO), and since 1989 has been Director of the WHO Collaborating Laboratory for Research on Human Rotaviruses.[1]

Awards and honours

Professor Bishop was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours in recognition of service to medical research, particularly for her contributions to the understanding of gastroenteritis in children.[5] In the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours she was promoted Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for "eminent service to global child health through the development of improved vaccines for paediatric gastroenteritis, and to medical research".[6]

In 2001 Bishop was inducted to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women. In 2011, she received the Prince Mahidol Award awarded by the Thai Royal Family for outstanding achievement in public health.[1]

Bishop was awarded the Florey Medal in 2013 for her discovery of rotavirus and subsequent work helping to develop a vaccine. The medal recognises significant achievements in biomedical research.[2][7]

gollark: Oh dear. I'll have to assign it a number and add it to the bug tracker.
gollark: ... well, if you're sure, I guess.
gollark: I finally got round to labelling all the bugfixes in potatOS (or at least the more important ones in core code which still have some evidence of being there) to help explain to people debugging it what they do.
gollark: ... why tie your entire domain to some platform you write projects for?
gollark: Also, two letter ones are *countries*, so you're relying on *two* countries not doing stupid things instead of just one.

References
  1. Who's Who in Australia, ConnectWeb, 2013.
  2. Precel, Nicole (30 October 2013). "Professor Ruth Bishop wins 2013 CSL Florey Medal". Frankston Standard Leader. News Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2015
  3. Bishop RF, Davidson GP, Holmes IH, Ruck BJ (1973). "Virus particles in epithelial cells of duodenal mucosa from children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis". Lancet. 2 (7841): 1281–3. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(73)92867-5. PMID 4127639.
  4. José MV, Bishop RF. Scaling properties and symmetrical patterns in the epidemiology of rotavirus infection. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2003 Oct 29;358(1438):1625-41.
  5. BISHOP, Ruth Frances AO, It's an Honour, 11 June 1996.
  6. "Professor Ruth Frances Bishop AO". honours.pmc.gov.au. Retrieved 2019-06-09.
  7. ABC News Online (28 Oct 2013) "Professor Ruth Bishop awarded Florey Medal for work on rotavirus vaccine."
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