Rungholt

Rungholt was a settlement in Nordfriesland, in what was then the Danish Duchy of Schleswig. The area is today located in Germany. Rungholt reportedly sank beneath the waves of the North Sea when a storm tide (known as the second Grote Mandrenke) hit the coast on 15 or 16 January 1362.

Location of Rungholt in present Schleswig-Holstein
Finds from the Wadden Sea, possibly from Rungholt
North Frisian coastline before 1362 and the island of Strand after the Grote Mandrenke
Rungholt and Strand in the Middle Ages, on a map from 1850

Location

The exact location of Rungholt remains unclear. It is likely that Rungholt was situated on the island of Strand, which was overwhelmed by the Burchardi Flood of 1634, and of which the islets of Pellworm and Nordstrandischmoor and the Nordstrand peninsula are the only remaining fragments.

One possible location is west of the Hallig Südfall, where in 1921 significant ruins were discovered: wells, trenches and part of a tidal lock. Another theory places Rungholt to the north of the Hallig Südfall.[1][2][3]

History

Today it is widely accepted that Rungholt existed and was not just a local legend. Documents support this, although they mostly date from much later times (16th century). Archaeologists think Rungholt was an important town and port. It might have contained up to 500 houses, with about 3,000 people. Findings indicate trade in agricultural products and possibly amber. Supposed relics of the town have been found in the Wadden Sea, but shifting sediments make it hard to preserve them.[1][2]

There definitely was a great storm known as the Grote Mandrenke, and sometimes also named after the saint Marcellus, on 15 or 16 January 1362.[1] Estimates put the number of deaths at around 25,000.[4] Possibly 30 settlements were destroyed, and the coastline shifted east, leaving formerly inhabited land in the tidal Wadden Sea.[2][3]

Legends and later reception
Pieces of wood found in the tidal flats, possibly from Rungholt, at display in the NordseeMuseum Husum

Sometimes referred to as the "Atlantis of the North Sea", the Rungholt of legend was a large, rich town and the catastrophe supposedly a divine punishment for the sins of its inhabitants.[1]

Impressed by the fate of the town, the relics, and not least the legends' excessive descriptions, the German poet Detlev von Liliencron wrote the 1882 poem "Trutz, Blanke Hans" about the lost town, which begins: Heut bin ich über Rungholt gefahren, die Stadt ging unter vor sechshundert Jahren. ("Today I traveled over Rungholt; the town sank 600 years ago.").[5]

German singer Achim Reichel put Liliencron's poem to music on his 1977 album Regenballade.

German band Santiano released a song called "Rungholt" in their 2015 CD "Von Liebe, Tod und Freiheit". It also includes verses from von Liliencron's poem.

Theodor Storm mentions Rungholt in his novella Eine Halligfahrt.[1]

Christian Kracht mentions Rungholt in his novella Faserland.[1]

Local myth has it that one can still hear the church bells of Rungholt ringing underwater when sailing through the area on a calm night.[1]

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See also

References
  1. Heed, Levke (13 July 2012). "Rungholt – "Atlantis der Nordsee" (German)". Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  2. Steinlein, Christina (15 August 2012). "Rungholt – das deutsche Atlantis (German)". Focus Online. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  3. "Rungholt – auf den Spuren einer versunkenen Welt" [Rungholt: In the footsteps of a sunken world]. Husumer Nachrichten (in German). 22 August 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2016 – via sh:z.
  4. Stephen Moss (2011-01-20). "Weatherwatch: The Grote Mandrenke". Guardian. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
  5. von Liliencron, Detlev (1883). Trutz, Blanke Hans  (poem). Adjutantenritte und andere Gedichte (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Friedrich. OCLC 837192716 – via Wikisource.

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