Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel

Rudolph Augustus (May 16, 1627 – January 26, 1704), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled as Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1666 until his death. In 1685 he made his younger brother Anthony Ulrich co-ruler.

Rudolph Augustus
Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Portrait by Hans Hinrich Rundt, c. 1700
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
ReignSeptember 17, 1666 – January 26, 1704
Born(1627-05-16)May 16, 1627
Hitzacker, Principality of Lüneburg
DiedJanuary 26, 1704(1704-01-26) (aged 76)
Hedwigsburg (now part of Kissenbrück), Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Noble familyHouse of Welf
Spouse(s)Christine Elizabeth of Barby-Mühlingen
FatherAugustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
MotherDorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst

Life
Reverse of a one-twelfth thaler coin of Rudolph Augustus

He was born in Hitzacker, then the residence of his father Duke Augustus the Younger of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his second wife Princess Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst. His father assumed the rule in the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, after his Welf cousin Duke Frederick Ulrich had died childless in 1634.

Rudolph Augustus succeeded his father as ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1666. More interested in his studies and hunting, he soon after appointed his politically astute younger brother Anthony Ulrich governor. In 1671 both besieged and finally occupied the city of Braunschweig, ending about 250 years of local autonomy.

During his reign, Rudolph Augustus concentrated on the Baroque expansion of his ducal residence, including the Alter Weg ("Old Way"), a road connecting the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel. He died in 1704 at the Hedwigsburg hunting lodge.

Marriage and issue

In 1650 Rudolph Augustus married Christine Elizabeth (1634–1681), daughter of Count Albert Frederick of Barby and Mühlingen. They had two daughters that reached adulthood:

Upon the death of his first wife, Rudolph Augustus entered into a morganatic marriage with Rosine Elisabeth Menthe (1663–1701), which remained childless.

Ancestry
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References

    Media related to Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel at Wikimedia Commons

    Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
    Cadet branch of the House of Este
    Born: 16 May 1627 in Hitzacker Died: 26 January 1704 in Hedwigsburg
    Regnal titles
    Preceded by
    Augustus    		 Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
    with his brother Anthony Ulrich
    between 1685 and 1702
    1666–1704    		 Succeeded by
    Anthony Ulrich

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