Romulus of Fiesole
Saint Romulus of Fiesole (Italian: San Romolo) is venerated as the patron saint of Fiesole, Italy. Romulus was probably a local deacon, priest, or bishop of the 1st century.[1]
Saint Romulus of Fiesole | |
|---|---|
 Saint Romulus, Cathedral of Fiesole. | |
| Died | ~90 AD |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Major shrine | Fiesole Cathedral |
| Feast | July 6 (Catholic Church), June 6 (Orthodox Church) |
| Attributes | depicted with a wolf due to confusion with the legend of Romulus and Remus;[1] bishop with an arrow broken above his breast; depicted at martyrdom of 4 companions or enthroned among four martyrs[2] |
| Patronage | Fiesole |
According to tradition, he was a disciple of Saint Peter and had been converted to Christianity by the apostle.[2] This tradition states that Romulus became the first bishop of Fiesole and was martyred during the reign of Domitian along with four companions: Carissimus, Dulcissimus, Marchis(i)anus, and Crescentius.[2]
He was not named as a bishop or martyr in documents dating from 966; however, a document from 1028 names him as such.[1] From then on, Romulus was considered a martyred bishop of Fiesole, and his companions were named as Carissimus, Dulcissimus, Marchis(i)anus (Marchiziano), and Crescentius.[1] Their feast day was listed as July 6 in the 1468 Florentine edition of the Martyrology of Usuard, and in the 16th century, his name began to appear in the Roman Martyrology, where he was named as a disciple of Saint Peter.[1]
As Antonio Borrelli remarks, sometime between the end of the 10th century and the beginning of the eleventh, Romulus was "upgraded" from being considered a Confessor of the Faith to a martyr, possibly by a local abbot named Teuzo.[1]
An 11th-century legend associated with him, considered "worthless",[2] makes him an illegitimate son of a woman named Lucerna, who had a child with her father's slave, who was named Cyrus.[2] Like the Romulus of ancient Roman legend, this Romulus was also abandoned and suckled by a she-wolf. He was captured, baptized and raised by Saint Peter and Peter's companion Justin.[2] Romulus then evangelized much of central Italy and was put to death by the governor Repertian.[2]
The most ancient image depicting Romulus is the 1440 polyptych in Fiesole Cathedral, where he is represented with Saints Alexander, Peter and Donatus.[2]
Books
- Gattolini, Jacopo (1745). Documenti per la vera istoria di San Romolo Vescovo, Martire e Protettore della Città di Fiesole (in Italian). Venezia: Giambattista Pasquali.
- Gattolini, Jacopo Nicola (1751). Dissertazione seconda con nuovi documenti per la vera istoria di santo Romolo vescovo, martire, e protettore della città di Fiesole data nuovamente in luce da Jacopo Niccola Gattolini fiorentino accademico colombario (in Italian). per Bartolomeo Soliani stampator ducale.
- Rauty, Natale (2000). Il culto dei santi a Pistoia nel Medioevo (in Italian). Tavarnuzze (Firenze): SISMEL edizioni del Galluzzo. p. 298.
- Soldani, Fedele (1742). Terza lettera del m. r. p. maestro don Fedele Soldani vallombrosano scritta ad un suo amico in risposta alla scrittura intitolata La vera istoria di s. Romolo vescovo e protettore della città di Fiesole liberata dal dottore Pier Francesco Foggini dalle calunnie appostele in una scrittura pubblicata per difesa degli atti di detto santo apocrifi e alla gloriosa memoria di lui ingiuriosissimi (in Italian).
- Verrando, Giovanni Nino. "I due leggendari di Fiesole". Aevum. 74 (2): 443–491. JSTOR 20861081.
External links
- (in Italian) San Romolo di Fiesole
- (in Italian) Cattedrale di San Romolo