Rolf (Airedale terrier)

Rolf (died 1919)[1] was an Airedale terrier that was claimed to have been able to perform arithmetic and communicate with humans on an intellectual level.

Claims

According to Rolf's owner, Paula Morkel of Mannheim, Germany, the dog could communicate with humans by tapping out letters with his paw. He assigned the highest number of taps to less common letters.[1] According to Morkel, the dog was a poet,[2] a bibliophile[3] and a 'speaker' of several languages.[2] In her biography of Rolf she even claimed that the dog dabbled in deep theology and philosophy.[3] These claims attracted attention in Germany, as they came at the height of the 'New Animal Psychology' movement.[4] The 'New Animal Psychologists', led by Dr. Karl Krall, believed that certain animals, such as dogs and horses, were nearly as intelligent as humans and could be trained to unlock their intellectual potential.[5] A colleague of Krall's, Professor H.E Ziegler of the University of Stuttgart, studied Rolf at his home and came away impressed,[4] as did a Dr. William McKenzie.[3] However, a study by doctors Wilhelm Neumann and Ferdinand Lothar concluded that Rolf was merely reacting to unconscious signals from his master.[6] According to an article published in Psychology Today, the Rolf case proved influential in developing the Nazi talking dog programme.[5]

gollark: Tape drives can, but not directly from it.
gollark: <@490656381662396418> do not make an OS.
gollark: Probably not *explicitly*, but I assume this is roughly the thinking.
gollark: I think the problem is that everyone thinks "Oh wow, CC is so unlike Windows! And I have never seen any desktop OS but Windows! I must make it more like Windows so it is more familiar. Clearly nobody else has done this, or it would already be the default, because this is obviously better"
gollark: > Instead write an actual program. Something fun, something useful, something completely useless and over-complicated. Whatever. As long as you learn a ton and have fun I don't care - that is what ComputerCraft is about :). But please don't just make an operating system.

See also

References
  1. Jan Bondeson, 'Canine Intellectuals', in Fortean Times , August 2011, p. 36.
  2. , 'Nazi-educated dogs could read and speak', May 29, 2011, The Guardian.
  3. 'Canine Intellectuals', p. 37.
  4. 'Canine Intellectuals', p. 38.
  5. , 'The School to Teach Nazi War Dogs to Speak', 26 May, 2011, Psychology Today, Stanley Coren.
  6. 'Canine Intellectuals', p. 42.

Bibliography
  • Bondeson, Jan, (2011), Amazing Dogs: A Cabinet of Canine Curiosities, Amberley Pub & Cornell UP.
  • Moekel, Paula, (1920), Mein hund Rolf, ein rechnender und buchstabierender Airedale-terrier, Stuttgart, R. Lutz.
  • Fortean Times article on Rolf, written by Dr. Jan Bondenson. [1]
  • Paula Moekel's biography of Rolf: [2].
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