Robert Margolskee

Robert F. Margolskee is an American academic. He is the director of the Monell Chemical Senses Center and adjunct professor in the Department of Neuroscience at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Margolskee is also the a co-founder of Redpoint Bio. Margolskee has been a pioneer in the application of molecular biology and transgenic animal models to the study of taste transduction and chemosensation. He has made numerous seminal discoveries in the taste field, including the identification and molecular cloning of taste specific receptors, G proteins, channels and other taste signal transduction elements.

Robert Margolskee
Photograph of Robert F. Margolskee, chemist and speaker at the Joseph Priestley Society, Chamical Heritage Foundation, January 12, 2017.
Alma materHarvard University
Known forMammalian taste transduction
AwardsIFF Award, Monell Mastertaste-Manheimer Award
Scientific career
FieldsBiologist, Molecular Geneticist
InstitutionsMonell Chemical Senses Center
Doctoral advisorDaniel Nathans

Early life and education

Margolskee received his A.B. in biochemistry and molecular biology from Harvard University. He received his an M.D. and a Ph.D in molecular genetics from Johns Hopkins University, where he studied with the late Nobel laureate Daniel Nathans. He carried out postdoctoral studies in biochemistry at Stanford University with Nobel laureate Paul Berg.

Career

Margolskee’s first faculty appointment was in Neuroscience at the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, where he also held an adjunct appointment in the Department of Biological Sciences of Columbia University. In 1996, Margolskee joined the faculty of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.[1][2] In 2009, he joined the faculty at the Monell Center.[3] His work has been published in Nature, Science, Nature Neuroscience, and Scientific American.[3]

Research

Margolskee’s basic science research focus has been on the molecular mechanisms of taste transduction, utilizing molecular biology, biochemistry, structural biology, electrophysiology and transgenesis to study the mechanisms of signal transduction in mammalian taste cells. In 1992, his laboratory discovered gustducin, a taste cell expressed G protein.[4] Subsequently, Margolskee has demonstrated that gustducin is critical to the transduction of compounds that humans consider bitter, sweet or umami.[5] Margolskee’s laboratory discovered the T1r3 sweet taste receptor in 2001[6] and the Trpm5 cation channel in 2002.[7] Much of his current work is focused on 'taste cells of the gut' and 'endocrine cells of the tongue'. In 2007, he published back-to-back papers in the Proceedings of the National Academy shedding light on how the gut "tastes" nutrients.[8][9] This new area of research has important implications for diabetes and obesity.

Awards

Among his honors and awards are the Monell Mastertaste-Manheimer Award (now the Manheimer-Kerry award) and the IFF Award.[10][11]

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References
  1. "Robert F. Margolskee Profile". Retrieved 2011-11-23.
  2. "Howard Hughes Medical Institute Alumni Bio". Retrieved 2011-11-23.
  3. "Monell Center Recruits Pioneering Molecular Biologist Robert Margolskee". Newswise. 2009-07-14. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
  4. McLaughlin, S.K.; McKinnon, P.J.; Margolskee, R.F. (June 1992). "Gustducin is a taste-cell-specific G protein closely related to the transducins". Nature. 357 (6379): 563–569. doi:10.1038/357563a0. PMID 1608467.
  5. Wong, G.T.; Gannon, K.S.; Margolskee, R.F. (1996). "Transduction of bitter and sweet taste by gustducin". Nature. 381 (6585): 796–800. doi:10.1038/381796a0. PMID 8657284.
  6. Max, M.; Shanker, Y.G.; Huang, L.; Rong, M.; Liu, Z.; Campagne, F.; Weinstein, H.; Damak, S.; Margolskee, R.F. (2001). "Tas1r3, encoding a new candidate taste receptor, is allelic to the sweet responsiveness locus Sac". Nature Genetics. 28 (1): 58–63. doi:10.1038/88270. PMID 11326277.
  7. Perez, C.; Huang, L.; Rong, M.; Kozak, J.A.; Preuss, A.K.; Zhang, H.; Max, M.; Margolskee, R.F. (Nov 2002). "A transient receptor potential channel expressed in taste receptor cells". Nature Neuroscience. 5 (11): 1169–76. doi:10.1038/nn952. PMID 12368808.
  8. Jang, H.J.; Kokrashvili, Z.; Theodorakis, M.J.; Carlson, O.D.; Kim, B.J.; Zhou, J.; Kim, H.H.; Xu, X.; Chan, S.L.; Juhaszova, M.; Bernier, M.; Mosinger, B.; Margolskee, R.F.; Egan, J.M. (Sep 2007). "Gut-expressed gustducin and taste receptors regulate secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 104 (38): 15069–74. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706890104. PMC 1986614. PMID 17724330.
  9. Margolskee, R.F.; Dyer, J.; Kokrashvili, Z.; Salmon, K.S.; Ilegems, E.; Daly, K.; Maillet, E.L.; Ninomiya, Y.; Mosinger, B.; Shirazi-Beechey, S.P. (Sep 2007). "T1R3 and gustducin in gut sense sugars to regulate expression of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 104 (38): 15075–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706678104. PMC 1986615. PMID 17724332.
  10. "Kerry-Manheimer Award". Retrieved 2011-11-23.
  11. "International Flavors and Fragrances Award". Retrieved 2011-11-23.
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