Rhombic hexecontahedron

In geometry, a rhombic hexecontahedron is a stellation of the rhombic triacontahedron. It is nonconvex with 60 golden rhombic faces with icosahedral symmetry. It was discovered in 1940 by Helmut Unkelbach.

Rhombic hexecontahedron
TypeStellation of rhombic triacontahedron
Vertices62 (12+20+30)
Edges120 (60+60)
Faces60 golden rhombi
SymmetryIh, [5,3], (*532)
Propertiesnon-convex, zonohedron
3D model of a rhombic hexecontahedron

It is topologically identical to the convex deltoidal hexecontahedron which has kite faces.

Dissection

The rhombic hexecontahedron can be dissected into 20 acute golden rhombohedra meeting at a central point. This gives the volume of a hexecontahedron of side length a to be and the area to be .

Construction
A rhombic hexecontahedron can be constructed from a rhombic triacontahedron.

A rhombic hexecontahedron can be constructed from a regular dodecahedron, by taking its vertices, its face centers and its edge centers and scaling them in or out from the body center to different extents. Thus, if the 20 vertices of a dodecahedron are pulled out to increase the circumradius by a factor of (ϕ+1)/2 ≈ 1.309, the 12 face centers are pushed in to decrease the inradius to (3-ϕ)/2 ≈ 0.691 of its original value, and the 30 edge centers are left unchanged, then a rhombic hexecontahedron is formed. (The circumradius is increased by 30.9% and the inradius is decreased by the same 30.9%.) Scaling the points by different amounts results in hexecontahedra with kite-shaped faces or other polyhedra.

Every golden rhombic face has a face center, a vertex, and two edge centers of the original dodecahedron, with the edge centers forming the short diagonal. Each edge center is connected to two vertices and two face centers. Each face center is connected to five edge centers, and each vertex is connected to three edge centers.

Stellation

The rhombic hexecontahedron is one of 227 self-supporting stellations of the rhombic triacontahedron. Its stellation diagram looks like this, with the original rhombic triacontahedron faces as the central rhombus.

The great rhombic triacontahedron contains the 30 larger intersecting rhombic faces:

The Rhombic hexacontahedron is used within the logo for the Wolfram Alpha answer engine, and Wolfram Research, known as "Spikey".

In Brazilian culture, handcrafted rhombic hexecontahedra used to be made from colored fabric and cardboard, called "giramundos" ("world turners" in Portuguese) or happiness stars, sewn by mothers and given as wedding gifts to their daughters. The custom got lost with the urbanization of Brazil, though the technique for producing the handicrafts was still taught in Brazilian rural schools up until the first half of the twentieth century.[1]

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See also

References
  • Unkelbach, H. "Die kantensymmetrischen, gleichkantigen Polyeder. Deutsche Math. 5, 306-316, 1940.
  • Grünbaum, B. A New Rhombic Hexecontahedron. Geombinatorics 6, 15-18, 1996.
  • Grünbaum, B. A New Rhombic Hexecontahedron—Once More. Geombinatorics, 6, 55-59, 1996.
  • Grünbaum, B. Still More Rhombic Hexecontahedra. Geombinatorics 6, 140-142, 1997.
  • Grünbaum, B. Parallelogram-Faced Isohedra with Edges in Mirror-Planes. Discrete Math. 221, 93-100, 2000.
  1. Artesanato se antecipou à descoberta de poliedro [Handicraft-anticipated discovery of polyhedra] (in Portuguese), IMPA, retrieved 2019-01-08


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