Rhodonia

Rhodonia is a fungal genus in the family Fomitopsidaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single crust fungus Rhodonia placenta. A brown rot species, R. placenta is found in China, Europe, and North America, where it grows on decaying conifer wood.[1]

Rhodonia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
Fomitopsidaceae
Genus:
Rhodonia

Niemelä (2005)
Type species
Rhodonia placenta
(Fr.) Niemelä, K.H.Larss. & Schigel (2005)

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Tuomo Niemelä in 2005 to contain the single species Rhodonia placenta.[2] This crust fungus has undergone several changes in generic placement since it was originally described as a species of Polyporus by Elias Magnus Fries in 1861. Although often placed in Oligoporus or Postia, molecular analysis has revealed that this species is phylogenetically distant from those genera, appearing instead in a separate clade near Antrodia.[2]

Synonymy

Rhodonia placenta has acquired an extensive synonymy in its taxonomic history. In addition to having been transferred to several polypore genera, it is considered to be the same species as Poria incarnata described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794, as well as Petter Karsten's Bjerkandera roseomaculata (1891), and Physisporus albolilacinus (1892). Other taxonomic synonyms include William Alphonso Murrill's Poria monticola, Dow Baxter's Poria carnicolor (1941), and Lee Oras Overholts' Poria microspora (1943).[3]

  • Polyporus placenta Fr. (1861)
  • Physisporus placenta (Fr.) P. Karst. (1882)
  • Poria placenta (Fr.) Cooke (1886)
  • Leptoporus placenta (Fr.) Pat. (1900)
  • Ceriporiopsis placenta (Fr.) Domański (1963)
  • Tyromyces placenta (Fr.) Ryvarden (1973)
  • Oligoporus placenta (Fr.) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1985)
  • Postia placenta (Fr.) M.J. Larsen & Lombard (1986)
  • Poria incarnata Pers. (1794)
  • Boletus incarnatus (Pers.) Pers. (1801)
  • Polyporus incarnatus (Pers.) Fr. (1821)
  • Physisporus incarnatus (Pers.) Gillet (1878)
  • Caloporus incarnatus (Pers.) P.Karst. (1881)
  • Caloporia incarnata (Pers.) P.Karst. (1898)
  • Ceriporia incarnata (Pers.) Bondartsev (1953)
  • Bjerkandera roseomaculata P.Karst. (1891)
  • Polyporus roseomaculatus (P.Karst.) Sacc. (1895)
  • Ceriporiopsis placenta f. roseomaculata (P.Karst.) Domański (1965)
  • Physisporus albolilacinus P.Karst. (1892)
  • Poria albolilacina (P.Karst.) Sacc. (1895)
  • Poria monticola Murrill (1920)
  • Poria placenta f. monticola (Murrill) Domański (1972)
  • Poria carnicolor D.V.Baxter (1941)
  • Poria microspora Overh. (1943)
  • Ceriporiopsis placenta f. microspora Domański (1965)

Description

The Rhodonia fruit body is spread out (effused) on its substrate, poroid, fairly thick, juicy and soft, with a pale rose or white colouring. It has a monomitic hyphal system (containing only generative hyphae), and the hyphae have clamp connections. These hyphae are initially thin-walled but become thick-walled in mature fruit bodies. The spores are cylindric.[2]

Sequencing

Rhodonia placenta had its sequenced genome published in 2009. It has an "unusual repertoire" of extracellular glycoside hydrolases—secreted enzymes that break down the complex sugars found in lignocellulose.[4]

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References
  1. Zhishu, B.; Zheng, G.; Taihui, L. (1993). The Macrofungus Flora of China's Guangdong Province. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. p. 196.
  2. Niemelä, T.; Kinnunen, J.; Larsson, K.H.; Schigel, D.D.; Larsson, E. (2005). "Genus revisions and new combinations of some North European polypores". Karstenia. 45 (2): 75–80.
  3. "GSD Species Synonymy: Rhodonia placenta (Fr.) Niemelä, K.H. Larss. & Schigel, in Niemelä, Kinnunen, Schige & Larsson, Karstenia 45(2): 79 (2005)". Species Fungorum. Kew Mycology. Retrieved 2017-06-12.
  4. Martinez D, Challacombe J, Morgenstern I, Hibbett D, Schmoll M, Kubicek CP, Ferreira P, Ruiz-Duenas FJ, Martinez AT, Kersten P, Hammel KE, Vanden Wymelenberg A, Gaskell J, Lindquist E, Sabat G, Bondurant SS, Larrondo LF, Canessa P, Vicuna R, Yadav J, Doddapaneni H, Subramanian V, Pisabarro AG, Lavín JL, Oguiza JA, Master E, Henrissat B, Coutinho PM, Harris P, Magnuson JK, Baker SE, Bruno K, Kenealy W, Hoegger PJ, Kües U, Ramaiya P, Lucas S, Salamov A, Shapiro H, Tu H, Chee CL, Misra M, Xie G, Teter S, Yaver D, James T, Mokrejs M, Pospisek M, Grigoriev IV, Brettin T, Rokhsar D, Berka R, Cullen D (2009). "Genome, transcriptome, and secretome analysis of wood decay fungus Postia placenta supports unique mechanisms of lignocellulose conversion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 106 (6): 1954–1959. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809575106. PMC 2644145. PMID 19193860.
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