Rhinencephalon

In animal anatomy, the rhinencephalon (from the Greek, ῥίς, rhis = "nose", and ἐγκέφαλος, enkephalos = "brain"), also called the smell-brain or olfactory brain, is a part of the brain involved with smell (i.e. olfaction). It forms the paleocortex and is rudimentary in the human brain.

Rhinencephalon
Scheme of rhinencephalon
Details
Identifiers
LatinRhinencephalon
MeSHD066194
NeuroNames2078
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Components

The term rhinencephalon has been used to describe different structures at different points in time.[1]

One definition includes the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior perforated substance, medial olfactory stria, lateral olfactory stria, parts of the amygdala and prepyriform area.[2]

Some references classify other areas of the brain related to perception of smell as rhinencephalon, but areas of the human brain that receive fibers strictly from the olfactory bulb are limited to those of the paleopallium. As such, the rhinencephalon includes the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tract, the olfactory tubercle and striae, the anterior olfactory nucleus and parts of the amygdala and the piriform cortex.

In different species

The development of the rhinencephalon varies among species. In humans it is rudimentary. A small area where the frontal lobe meets the temporal lobe and the area of cortex on the uncus of the parahippocampal gyrus (both belonging to the olfactory cortex) have a different structure (so called "allocortex") than most of the telencephalon and are phylogenetically older (so called paleocortex).[3]

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References
  1. Anthoney, Terence R. (1994). Neuroanatomy and the neurologic exam: a thesaurus of synonyms, similar-sounding non-synonyms, and terms of variable meaning. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 311. ISBN 0-8493-8631-4.
  2. http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/AncilDefinition.aspx?ID=2078&questID=2078%5B%5D
  3. Širca, Anton; Meznarič-Petruša, Mija (1997). Anatomija : skripta za študente medicine. Del 2, Živčevje [Anatomy: the script for students of medicine. Part 2, Nervous system] (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Medicinska fakulteta. p. 29. ISBN 978-961-90305-5-4.


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