Rapid antigen test

A rapid antigen test (RAT) is a rapid diagnostic test suitable for point-of-care testing that directly detects the presence or absence of an antigen. This distinguishes it from other medical tests that detect antibodies (antibody tests) or nucleic acid (nucleic acid tests), of either laboratory or point of care types.

Rapid antigen test
SynonymsRapid antigen detection test (RADT)
PurposeTo diagnose infections

Common examples of RATs or RADTs include:

Antigen tests and antibody tests are often immunoassays (IAs) of one kind or another, such as dipstick IAs or fluorescence immunoassays. While RAT is an immunochromatographic assay which gives visual results that can be seen with the naked eye. It is considered to be qualitative but a person experienced in RDT testing can easily quantify the results. Being a screening test, the results should be evaluated on the basis of confirmatory tests like PCR testing or western blot.

One inherent advantage of an antigen test over an antibody test (such as antibody-detecting rapid HIV tests) is that it can take time for the immune system to develop antibodies after infection begins, but the foreign antigen is present right away. Although any diagnostic test may have false negatives, this latency period can open an especially wide avenue for false negatives in antibody tests, although the particulars depend on which disease and which test are involved.

References
  1. Stewart, Emily H.; Davis, Brian; Clemans-Taylor, B. Lee; Littenberg, Benjamin; Estrada, Carlos A.; Centor, Robert M. (2014-11-04). "Rapid Antigen Group A Streptococcus Test to Diagnose Pharyngitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLoS ONE. 9 (11): e111727. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1727S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111727. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4219770. PMID 25369170.


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