Rachel Green (scientist)

Rachel Green is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of molecular biology and genetics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Her research focuses on ribosomes and their function in translation. Green has also been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 2000.

Rachel Green
Alma mater
Spouse(s)Brendan Cormack
Children3
Scientific career
Institutions
  • Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
  • University of California Santa Cruz

Early life and education

Green grew up near Cleveland, Ohio, where her mother was a chemistry teacher.[1] Green intended to study engineering in college, but changed her major to chemistry, earning a B.S. from the University of Michigan in 1986. She then earned a PhD in biochemistry from Harvard University in 1992, in the lab of Jack Szostak, where she studied RNA.[2]

She did postdoctoral research at University of California Santa Cruz in the lab of Harry Noller, researching the function of the ribosome in E. coli.[1][3]

Career

Green joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1998.[1]

Green has also been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 2000.[4] In 2007 she became a full professor at Johns Hopkins.[5]

She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2012,[6] to the National Academy of Medicine[7] in 2017, and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2019.[8]

Research

The focus of Green's laboratory is defining the molecular mechanisms that affect that accuracy of translation in bacteria, yeast, and higher eukaryotic systems.[9] After joining Johns Hopkins as a tenure-track assistant professor in 1998, Green began investigations into factors that control the translocation step of translation, where the ribosome moves forward over the messenger RNA (mRNA), prior to adding the next amino acid to the growing protein.[10][11] Later, Green's research segued into studies on molecular factors and global mechanisms that affect translation accuracy.[12] In particular, Green and her colleagues found that certain nucleotides in transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules affect the ability of the ribosome to determine and select the correct tRNA in each step of translation.[13] Green's investigations into other aspects of translation quality control have included research into the mechanisms and effects of mRNA surveillance, in which mis-coded or nonfunctional mRNAs are subjected to degradation.[14][15][16]

Personal life

Green's husband, Brendan Cormack, is also a geneticist at Johns Hopkins University. The couple has 3 children.[1]

gollark: Better?
gollark: Go desktops!
gollark: R3 1200 and GTX 1050. My budget desktop beats basically any laptop.
gollark: I'd like to note that your strategy of spreading out purchases is a terrible one.
gollark: Well, yes, that's *something*.

References
  1. April 17, Katie Pearce / Published (17 April 2017). "Johns Hopkins biologist, geneticist Rachel Green named Bloomberg Distinguished Professor". The Hub. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  2. "Rachel Green, Ph.D." www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  3. "Rachel Green Inside Look". HHMI.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  4. "Rachel Green". HHMI.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  5. "Rachel Green". Department of Biology. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  6. "Rachel Green". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  7. "National Academy of Medicine Elects 80 New Members". National Academy of Medicine. 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2020-05-25.
  8. "Three Johns Hopkins Scientists Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences". Johns Hopkins Medicine Newsroom. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  9. Schuller, Anthony P.; Green, Rachel (2018). "Roadblocks and resolutions in eukaryotic translation". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 19 (8): 526–541. doi:10.1038/s41580-018-0011-4. ISSN 1471-0080. PMC 6054806.
  10. Green, Rachel (2000-05-15). "Ribosomal translocation: EF-G turns the crank". Current Biology. 10 (10): R369–R373. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00481-4. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 10837219.
  11. Cukras, Anthony R.; Southworth, Daniel R.; Brunelle, Julie L.; Culver, Gloria M.; Green, Rachel (2003-08-01). "Ribosomal Proteins S12 and S13 Function as Control Elements for Translocation of the mRNA:tRNA Complex". Molecular Cell. 12 (2): 321–328. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00275-2. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 14536072.
  12. Cochella, Luisa; Green, Rachel (July 2005). "Fidelity in protein synthesis". Current Biology. 15 (14): R536–R540. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.018.
  13. Cochella, L. (2005-05-20). "An Active Role for tRNA in Decoding Beyond Codon:Anticodon Pairing". Science. 308 (5725): 1178–1180. doi:10.1126/science.1111408. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 1687177. PMID 15905403.
  14. Djuranovic, S.; Nahvi, A.; Green, R. (2011-02-04). "A Parsimonious Model for Gene Regulation by miRNAs". Science. 331 (6017): 550–553. doi:10.1126/science.1191138. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3955125. PMID 21292970.
  15. Shoemaker, Christopher J; Green, Rachel (June 2012). "Translation drives mRNA quality control". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 19 (6): 594–601. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2301. ISSN 1545-9993. PMC 4299859. PMID 22664987.
  16. Simms, Carrie L.; Thomas, Erica N.; Zaher, Hani S. (2017). "Ribosome-based quality control of mRNA and nascent peptides". WIREs RNA. 8 (1): e1366. doi:10.1002/wrna.1366. ISSN 1757-7012. PMC 5116004. PMID 27193249.
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