RAF Goxhill

Royal Air Force Goxhill or RAF Goxhill is a former Royal Air Force station located east of Goxhill, on the south bank of the Humber Estuary, opposite the city of Kingston upon Hull, in north Lincolnshire, England.

RAF Goxhill
USAAF Station 345
Located Near Goxhill, Lincolnshire in England
RAF Aerial photograph of Goxhill airfield. taken on 29 April 1947. The runways are blocked with different types of equipment. Also, the control tower and technical site with two T2 hangars and a J-Type hangar is on the right.
RAF Goxhill
RAF Goxhill shown within Lincolnshire (grid reference TA110210)
Coordinates53°40′40″N 000°18′56″W
TypeRoyal Air Force station
CodeGX
Site information
OwnerMinistry of Defence
Controlled byRoyal Air Force
United States Army Air Forces
Site history
Built1940
In use1940-1953
Battles/warsEuropean Theatre of World War II
Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945
Garrison information
GarrisonRAF Bomber Command
RAF Fighter Command
Eighth Air Force
Ninth Air Force
British and American personnel hold up flags at the 496th Fighter Training Group base in Goxhill., 1944

Origins

During the First World War a Royal Flying Corps landing ground existed near the Lincolnshire village of Goxhill. In 1940 the Air Ministry returned to survey the land once again for its suitability as an airfield.[1]

Royal Air Force use

Goxhill was originally used as a barrage balloon site to protect the port of Hull and the River Humber.

In 1940, Goxhill was transferred to RAF Bomber Command and was planned and rebuilt as a bomber airfield. It was equipped with three intersecting runways, the main runway at 1,600 yards (1,500 m) and two secondary runways of 1,100 yards (1,000 m).[2] Three hangars were built: two T-2s, one J-Type and four blisters and fifty aircraft hardstands. Temporary accommodation was provided for 1700+ personnel.

Its location, however, was too close to the air defences of Hull to be used for that purpose. Its first occupant was No. 1 Group, which took up residence on 26 June 1941. Its mission was towing practice targets with Westland Lysanders; its first operation began on 25 October.[3]

In December 1941, RAF Fighter Command replaced the Bomber Command training unit with No. 12 Group, flying Supermarine Spitfires from No. 616 Squadron at RAF Kirton in Lindsey. Fighter Command operated the base until May 1942.

United States Army Air Forces use

The airfield was relegated to satellite field use by RAF Kirmington until August 1942, when it was taken over by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). The transfer ceremony was attended by General Dwight D. Eisenhower.[4] During the war it was known as USAAF Station 345.[3]

The facilities at Goxhill, however, left a lot to be desired. Three wooden barracks were supplemented by a number of metal fabricated buildings for living quarters. Typical of the temporary RAF station of that period, living quarters and mess facilities were 1 to 2 miles from the hangars and flight operations area for safety reasons.

The station was unofficially known by the USAAF units based here as "GoatHill".[5][3] The USAAF used Goxhill as a training airfield for the rest of the war; several squadrons used it after their initial deployment to the UK, then moved on to a permanent facility for their operational missions.

USAAF Station Units assigned to RAF Goxhill were:[6]

  • 333rd Service Group[7]
332rd Service Squadron; HHS 333d Service Group
  • 13th Station Complement Squadron
  • 18th Weather Squadron
  • 2nd Gunnery & Tow Target Flight
  • 1004th Signal Company
  • 1148th Quartermaster Company
  • 1275th Military Police Company
  • 1771st Ordnance Supply & Maintenance Company
  • 2130th Engineer Fire Fighting Platoon
20 July 1942 of P-38 Lightnings, including (serial number 41-7631) of the 1st Fighter Group at Goxhill.
Sergeant Elwin D. Phillips, Lieutenant Sidney Hewitt, Staff Sergeant Michael Yahawk and a colleague, of the 361st Fighter Squadron, 356th Fighter Group stand with Hewitt's P-47 Thunderbolt (QI-F, serial number 42-74702) nicknamed "Clarkie" at Goxhill, 1943.
A P-51B Mustang of the 354th Fighter Group at Goxhill, 1944.
A Spitfire Mk. Va (C7-M, serial number W3815) of the 555th Fighter Training Squadron, 496th Fighter Training Group at Goxhill, 1944.

Both the USAAF 8th and 9th Air Force used Goxhill. Units which trained here were:

Group Aircraft Date Arrived Date Departed
1st Fighter Group Lockheed P-38 Lightning 10 June 1942 24 August 1942
52nd Fighter Group Bell P-39 Airacobra 26 August 1942 9 November 1942
78th Fighter Group P-38 Lightning
P-47 Thunderbolt		 1 December 1942 6 April 1943
353rd Fighter Group Republic P-47 Thunderbolt 7 June 1943 3 August 1943
356th Fighter Group P-47 Thunderbolt 27 August 1943 5 October 1943
358th Fighter Group P-47 Thunderbolt 20 October 1943 29 November 1943
496th Fighter Training Group North American P-51 Mustang
P-38 Lightning		 25 December 1943 15 February 1945

The 496th Fighter Group was a Combat Crew Replacement Center for 8th and 9th USAAF units. It consisted of the 554th Fighter Squadron with P-38s and the 555th Fighter Squadron with North American P-51 Mustangs. The group trained over 2,400 fighter pilots during its existence. The 78th Fighter Group came to England equipped with P-38s, but had all of its aircraft and most of its pilots sent to the Twelfth Air Force in February 1943, after which it flew P-47 Thunderbolts.[8]

Post-war military use
Memorial

On 20 January 1945, the USAAF returned Goxhill to RAF control, and it was assigned as a satellite to RAF Kirton In Lindsey. On 27 May 1945 it was assigned to RAF Maintenance Command for storage of excess munitions. RAF Goxhill remained a storage depot until it was deactivated on 14 December 1953.[9]

Goxhill airfield was leased to farmers for agricultural use until 29 January 1962, when it was finally sold by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The technical site and the hangars, however, were retained by the MoD for storage. In July 1977, the MoD sold off the remaining parts of Goxhill to private owners for agricultural use.[10]

Agricultural use

Since the end of its military use, Goxhill airfield has remained remarkably intact, with a Mary Celeste feel about it. Perhaps because of its relative inaccessibility, Goxhill still looks very much as it did during the war years.[1] All the buildings on the technical site, except the control tower which was partly demolished (despite the owner's objection) in 2002, are still standing.[4] The three hangars—two T.2s and a J type—are also there, albeit in a state of disrepair. The perimeter track is almost complete, and a large part of the main runway is still in place. In the northwest corner of the site is a memorial incorporating a propeller blade from a crashed P-38. The remains of the control tower were acquired by the Military Aviation Museum in Pungo, Virginia, USA, and after careful dis-assembly and cataloging, the components were shipped to America, where the tower has been reconstructed for use by the museum.[4]

The tower at the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia.
gollark: It probably still comes out as higher bitrate since you still have more changing stuff I guess.
gollark: Apparently encoders actually usually reduce quality targets in high movement bits, since you can't notice issues as easily.
gollark: Isn't that more of an encoder parameter than a fundamental thing of that?
gollark: They have perfectly good (maybe) hardware RNGs nowadays.
gollark: Nvidia GPU spec sheets often quote a CUDA core count while AMD mentions "CUs" and such, but either way it bakes down to mostly just a bunch of small parallel ALUs, schedulers and such, and fast memory.

See also

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

Citations
  1. "Goxhill Airfield History - BCAR.org.uk". www.bcar.org.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  2. Delve 2008, p. 155.
  3. Delve 2008, p. 153.
  4. "RAF Goxhill watch office reopens in US". BBC News. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  5. "Goxhill - Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust UK". www.abct.org.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  6. "Goxhill". American Air Museum in Britain. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  7. "332d Service Group". American Air Museum in Britain. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  8. Delve 2008, pp. 155-156.
  9. Historic England. "Goxhill Airfield (1395792)". PastScape. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  10. Delve 2008, p. 154.

Bibliography
  • Bruce Barrymore Halpenny Action Stations: Wartime Military Airfields of Lincolnshire and the East Midlands v. 2 (ISBN 978-0850594843)
  • Delve, Ken (2008). The Military Airfields of Britain; the East Midlands. Marlborough: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-86126-995-9.
  • Freeman, Roger A., Airfields Of The Eighth, Then And Now, 1978
  • Maurer Maurer, Air Force Combat Units Of World War II, Office of Air Force History, 1983
  • Parker, Ron Goxhill At War, 1994
  • Parker, Ron A Village At War Goxhill, 1996
  • USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present
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