Qayyoma

Qayyoma was bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon and primate of the Church of the East during the final decades of the fourth century. He is traditionally believed to have sat from 377 to 399, though these dates have been disputed by some modern scholars. Like several other early bishops of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, he is included in the traditional list of patriarchs of the Church of the East.

Sources

Brief accounts of Qayyoma's episcopate are given in the Ecclesiastical Chronicle of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (floruit 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). His life is also covered in the Chronicle of Seert. In all these accounts he is anachronistically called 'catholicus', a term that was only applied to the primates of the Church of the East in the fifth century.

Modern assessments of his episcopate can be found in Wigram's Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church and David Wilmshurst's The Martyred Church.[1]

Qayyoma's episcopate

The following account of Qayyoma's episcopate is given by Bar Hebraeus:

After Tamuza, Qayyoma. After the death of Tamuza, none of the bishops wanted to offer himself as leader of the Christians, since Bahram, an enemy of the Christians, had succeeded to the throne on the death of his father Shapur. Then Qayyoma devoted himself to God and his church. He was consecrated two years after the death of Tamuza. Five years after his consecration a peace was made between Arcadius, the emperor of the Greeks, and Yazdegerd, the king of the Persians, who had also persecuted the Christians. Marutha, bishop of Maiperqat, a wise man of admirable learning, was sent as an ambassador for this business, and on his arrival peace was restored for the Christians. Then Qayyoma gathered all the Eastern bishops in the presence of Marutha, and persuaded them to depose him as unfit for his office. 'I only accepted the office because I was compelled to do so, as none of you wanted to be in charge. Now, since God has taken pity on his church and restored peace, it is not reasonable that a man like me, rude and infirm, and incapable of steering the ship of the church properly, should remain its head.' The bishops refused to release him from his charge, but he urged them in the name of God to do so, and persuaded Marutha to force them to agree. And so, although they were saddened at his abdication, they consecrated a new catholicus, Isaac. [2]

gollark: Anyway, going through #12 in order:> `import math, collections, random, gc, hashlib, sys, hashlib, smtplib, importlib, os.path, itertools, hashlib`> `import hashlib`We need some libraries to work with. Hashlib is very important, so to be sure we have hashlib we make sure to keep importing it.> `ℤ = int`> `ℝ = float`> `Row = "__iter__"`Create some aliases for int and float to make it mildly more obfuscated. `Row` is not used directly in anywhere significant.> `lookup = [...]`These are a bunch of hashes used to look up globals/objects. Some of them are not actually used. There is deliberately a comma missing, because of weird python string concattey things.```pythondef aes256(x, X): import hashlib A = bytearray() for Α, Ҙ in zip(x, hashlib.shake_128(X).digest(x.__len__())): A.append(Α ^ Ҙ) import zlib, marshal, hashlib exec(marshal.loads(zlib.decompress(A)))```Obviously, this is not actual AES-256. It is abusing SHAKE-128's variable length digests to implement what is almost certainly an awful stream cipher. The arbitrary-length hash of our key, X, is XORed with the data. Finally, the result of this is decompressed, loaded (as a marshalled function, which is extremely unportable bytecode I believe), and executed. This is only used to load one piece of obfuscated code, which I may explain later.> `class Entry(ℝ):`This is also only used once, in `typing` below. Its `__init__` function implements Rule 110 in a weird and vaguely golfy way involving some sets and bit manipulation. It inherits from float, but I don't think this does much.> `#raise SystemExit(0)`I did this while debugging the rule 110 but I thought it would be fun to leave it in.> `def typing(CONSTANT: __import__("urllib3")):`This is an obfuscated way to look up objects and load our obfuscated code.> `return getattr(Entry, CONSTANT)`I had significant performance problems, so this incorporates a cache. This was cooler™️ than dicts.
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gollark: Clearly, mgollark is sabotaging me.
gollark: I submitted them but they were all wrong.

See also

Notes
  1. Wigram, Assyrian Church, 84–85; Wilmshurst, The Martyred Church, 17–18
  2. Bar Hebraeus, Ecclesiastical Chronicle (ed. Abeloos and Lamy), ii. 46–8

References
  • Abbeloos, J. B., and Lamy, T. J., Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum (3 vols, Paris, 1877)
  • Assemani, J. A., De Catholicis seu Patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum (Rome, 1775)
  • Brooks, E. W., Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum (Rome, 1910)
  • Gismondi, H., Maris, Amri, et Salibae: De Patriarchis Nestorianorum Commentaria I: Amri et Salibae Textus (Rome, 1896)
  • Gismondi, H., Maris, Amri, et Salibae: De Patriarchis Nestorianorum Commentaria II: Maris textus arabicus et versio Latina (Rome, 1899)
  • Wigram, William Ainger, An Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church (London, 1910).
  • Wilmshurst, David, The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East (London, 2011).
Preceded by
Tomarsa
(363–371)
Vacant
(c. 371–377)		 Catholicus-Patriarch of the East
(377–399)		 Succeeded by
Isaac
(399–410)
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