Pyrops

Pyrops[1] is a genus of planthoppers that occur primarily in southeast Asia, containing about 70 species. They are fairly large insects, with much of the length due to an elongated, upcurving, snout-like projection of the head. The wings are generally brightly patterned in contrasting colors, and they are popular among collectors.

Pyrops
Pyrops candelaria
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Superfamily: Fulgoroidea
Family: Fulgoridae
Subfamily: Fulgorinae
Genus: Pyrops
Spinola, 1839
Type species
Pyrops candelaria
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms

Laternaria Linnaeus, 1764 (Suppressed)

Species
Pyrops astarte
Pyrops intricatus
Pyrops ruehli
  • Pyrops aeruginosus (Stål, 1870)
  • Pyrops agusanensis (Baker, 1925)
  • Pyrops alboroseus Liang, 1998
  • Pyrops andamanensis (Distant, 1880)
  • Pyrops astarte (Distant, 1914)
  • Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918)
  • Pyrops azureus Constant & Mohan, 2017[5][2]
  • Pyrops candelaria (Linnaeus, 1758) - type species
  • Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839)
  • Pyrops coelestinus (Stål, 1863)
  • Pyrops connectens (Atkinson, 1885)
  • Pyrops cultellatus (Walker, 1857)
  • Pyrops curtiprora (Butler, 1874)
  • Pyrops cyanirostris (Guerin-Meneville, 1845)
  • Pyrops delessertii (Guerin-Meneville, 1840)
  • Pyrops detanii Nagai & Porion, 2004
  • Pyrops dimotus (Lallemand, 1960)
  • Pyrops dohrni (Schmidt, 1905)
  • Pyrops ducalis Stål, 1863
  • Pyrops effusus (Distant, 1891)
  • Pyrops esteban Nagai & Porion, 2002
  • Pyrops erectus (Schmidt, 1905)
  • Pyrops exsanguis (Gerstaecker, 1895)
  • Pyrops farinosus Bierman, 1910
  • Pyrops fumosus (Baker, 1925)
  • Pyrops gunjii (Satô & Nagai, 1994)
  • Pyrops guttatus (Walker, 1858)
  • Pyrops hamdjahi Nagai & Porion, 2002
  • Pyrops hashimotoi Nagai & Porion, 2002
  • Pyrops heringi (Schmidt, 1905)
  • Pyrops hobbyi (Lallemand, 1939)
  • Pyrops horsfieldii (Westwood, 1839)
  • Pyrops intricatus (Walker, 1857)
  • Pyrops ishiharai (Satô & Nagai, 1994)
  • Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994)
  • Pyrops jasmini Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010
  • Pyrops jefferyi Nagai & Porion, 2002
  • Pyrops jianfenglingensis Wang, Xu & Qin, 2018
  • Pyrops karenius (Distant, 1891)
  • Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818)
  • Pyrops lautus (Stål, 1870)
  • Pyrops maculatus (Olivier, 1791)
  • Pyrops maquilinganus (Baker, 1925)
  • Pyrops nigripennis (Chou & Wang, 1985)
  • Pyrops nishiguroi Nagai, Porion & Audibert, 2017
  • Pyrops nishiyamai Nagai & Porion, 2002
  • Pyrops ochraceus Nagai & Porion, 1996
  • Pyrops oculatus (Westwood, 1839)
  • Pyrops peguensis (Schmidt, 1911)
  • Pyrops philippinus (Stål, 1870)
  • Pyrops polillensis (Baker, 1925)
  • Pyrops priscilliae Nagai, Porion & Audibert, 2016
  • Pyrops pyrorhynchus (Donovan, 1800)
  • Pyrops pythicus (Distant, 1891)
  • Pyrops rogersi (Distant, 1906)
  • Pyrops ruehli Schmidt, 1926
  • Pyrops samaranus (Baker, 1925)
  • Pyrops sapphirinus (Schmidt, 1908)
  • Pyrops shiinaorum Nagai & Porion, 2002
  • Pyrops sidereus (Distant, 1905)
  • Pyrops silighinii Porion & Audibert, 2017
  • Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842)
  • Pyrops sultana (Adams, 1847)
  • Pyrops synavei Constant, 2015
  • Pyrops valerian Nagai & Porion, 2002
  • Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848)
  • Pyrops vitalisius (Distant, 1918)
  • Pyrops watanabei (Matsumura, 1913)
  • Pyrops whiteheadii (Distant, 1889)
  • Pyrops zephyrius (Schmidt, 1907)

Taxonomy

The genus name of Laternaria has been used by some authors, but this name was published in a work that was suppressed in 1955 by an official declaration of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN): Opinion 322.[3][4] The type species is Pyrops candelaria.

In the genus Pyrops the names of the species follow the rules of the ICZN; that is, since the name of the genus is masculine in gender, the adjectival species epithets in the genus would be given in their masculine form (e.g., ochracea would become ochraceus; candelaria is a noun, however, and does not change to candelarius), though numerous authors have consistently (and incorrectly) treated them as feminine.[5] Under the present rules, generic names ending in -ops must be treated as masculine regardless of the original usage (ICZN Chapter 7, Article 30.1.4.3).[6]

A molecular phylogenetic study suggests that Pyrops is a sister of the genus Saiva and together form tribe Pyropsini.[7]

Ecology

Like many other plant-sap sucking insects, Pyrops species exude honeydew. This honeydew is sometimes gathered by other animals in trophobiotic associations. Pyrops whiteheadi and P. intricatus are known to be attended by Dorylaea sp. cockroaches in Southeast Asia. Pyrops whiteheadi has also been seen tended by a gecko, Gehyra mutilata.[8]

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References
  1. Spinola M (1839) Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Paris 8: 133-337 [231].
  2. Constant, Jérôme; Mohan, Ashwini Venkatanarayana (2017). "The lanternflies from Andaman and Nicobar: one new Pyrops species, new records and illustrated key to the species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Belgian Journal of Entomology. 49: 1–24.
  3. ICZN (1955). "Opinion 322. Validation, under the Plenary Powers, of the generic name Fulgora Linnaeus, 1767 (Class lnsecta, Order Hemiptera) and designation for the genus so named of a type species in harmony with current nomenclatorial practice". Opinions and Declaractions Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 9 (13): 185–208.
  4. Fennah, R. G. (1951). "Proposed use of the plenary powers to designate a type species for the genus "Fulgora" Linnaeus 1767, and to suppress the generic name "Laternaria" Linnaeus 1764 (class insecta, order Hemiptera)". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 6: 34–37. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.15979.
  5. Porion & Nagai. 1996. Fulgoridae 2. Illustrated Catalogue of the Asian and Australian Fauna.
  6. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/
  7. Urban, Julie M.; Cryan, Jason R. (2009-03-01). "Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: The first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 50 (3): 471–484. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.004. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 19118634.
  8. Constant, Jérôme (2015-07-08). "Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". European Journal of Taxonomy. 0 (128). doi:10.5852/ejt.2015.128. ISSN 2118-9773.
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