Pyrgomorphinae

The Pyrgomorphinae are a sub-family of grasshoppers (Orthoptera : Caelifera) in the family Pyrgomorphidae. Species are found in, especially the warmer parts of: Central and South America, southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Pacific Islands. The type genus is Pyrgomorpha and names dates from "Pyrgomorphiden" by Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874. The first use of Pyrgomorphinae was by Krauss in 1890.[1]

Pyrgomorphinae
Pyrgomorpha cognata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Caelifera
Family: Pyrgomorphidae
Subfamily: Pyrgomorphinae
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874

Tribes and genera

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:[2]

Atractomorphini

Bolívar, 1905; Distribution: Africa, Asia, Australia

Atractomorpha lata
  • Genus Atractomorpha
  • Genus Occidentosphena
    • Occidentosphena ruandensis
    • Occidentosphena uvarovi

Chlorizeinini

Kevan & Akbar, 1964; Distribution: Africa, Asia

  • Sub-tribe Chlorizeinina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
    • Genus Chlorizeina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
    • Genus Feacris Kevan, 1969
    • Genus Pterorthacris Uvarov, 1921
  • Sub-tribe Humpatellina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
    • Genus Cawendia Karsch, 1888
    • Genus Humpatella Karsch, 1896
    • Genus Pseudorubellia Dirsh, 1963
  • Sub-tribe Marsabitacridina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
    • Genus Katangacris Kevan & Akbar, 1964
    • Genus Marsabitacris Kevan, 1957

Chrotogonini

Bolívar, 1904; Distribution: Africa, Asia

  • Genus Caconda (insect) Bolívar, 1884
  • Genus Chrotogonus Serville, 1838
  • Genus Shoacris Kevan, 1952
  • Genus Stibarosterna Uvarov, 1953
  • Genus Tenuitarsus Bolívar, 1904

Desmopterini

Bolívar, 1905; Distribution: W. Africa, Asia, Australia

  • Genus Apodesmoptera Rehn, 1951
  • Genus Desmoptera Bolívar, 1884
    • Desmoptera truncatipennis[3]
  • Genus Desmopterella Ramme, 1941
  • Genus Doriaella Bolívar, 1898
  • Genus Menesesia Willemse, 1922
  • Genus Menesesiella Kevan, 1963
  • Genus Paradoriaella Willemse, 1961
  • Genus Stenoxyphellus Ramme, 1941
  • Genus Stenoxyphula Kevan, 1963
  • Genus Stenoxyphus Blanchard, 1853

Dictyophorini

Kirby, 1902; Distribution: Africa

Mature and immature Dictyophorus spumans photographed in the Cedarberg in South Africa
  • Genus Camoensia
  • Genus Dictyophorus: including Dictyophorus spumans
  • Genus Loveridgacris
  • Genus Maura
  • Genus Parapetasia

Monistriini

Kevan & Akbar, 1964; Distribution: Australia

Monistria concinna
  • Genus Greyacris
    • Greyacris profundesulcata[3]
  • Genus Monistria
  • Genus Parastria
    • Parastria reticulata
  • Genus Pileolum
    • Pileolum kirbyi
  • Genus Yeelanna
    • Yeelanna argus
    • Yeelanna pavonina

Omurini

Kevan, 1961; Distribution: South America

  • Genus Algete (insect) Bolívar, 1905
  • Genus Minorissa Walker, 1870
  • Genus Omura (insect) Walker, 1870

Petasidini

Key, 1985; Distribution: Australia

Phymateini

Bolívar, 1884; Distribution: Africa (incl. Madagascar), China

Variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) nymph, Ghana
  • Genus Paraphymateus
  • Genus Phymateus
  • Genus Physemophorus
  • Genus Phyteumas
  • Genus Rutidoderes
  • Genus Zonocerus

Poekilocerini

Burmeister, 1840; Distribution: Africa, India, Indo-China, Malesia, PNG

Psednurini

Burr, 1904; Distribution: Australia

  • Genus Propsednura
    • Propsednura eyrei
    • Propsednura peninsularis
  • Genus Psedna
    • Psedna nana
  • Genus Psednura
    • Psednura longicornis
    • Psednura musgravei
    • Psednura pedestris

Pseudomorphacridini

Kevan & Akbar, 1964; Distribution: Indo-China

  • Genus Pseudomorphacris Carl, 1916

Pyrgomorphini

Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874; Distribution: Southern Europe, Africa, W. Asia through to India

  • Sub-tribe Arbusculina
    • Genus Arbuscula (insect) Bolívar, 1905
  • Sub-tribe Geloiodina
    • Genus Geloiodes Chopard, 1958
  • Sub-tribe Parasphenina
    • Genus Afrosphenella Kevan & Akbar, 1963
    • Genus Chirindites Ramme, 1929
    • Genus Parasphena Bolívar, 1884
    • Genus Parasphenella Kevan, 1956
    • Genus Parasphenula Kevan, 1956
    • Genus Pezotagasta Uvarov, 1953
    • Genus Stenoscepa Karsch, 1896
  • Sub-tribe Pyrgomorphina
Pyrgomorpha conica
    • Genus Anarchita Bolívar, 1904
    • Genus Carinisphena Kevan, 1966
    • Genus Laufferia Bolívar, 1904
    • Genus Leptea Bolívar, 1904
    • Genus Macroleptea Kevan, 1962
    • Genus †Miopyrgomorpha Kevan, 1964
    • Genus Ochrophlebia Stål, 1873
    • Genus Ochrophlegma Bolívar, 1904
    • Genus Phymella Uvarov, 1922
    • Genus Plerisca Bolívar, 1904
    • Genus Protanita Kevan, 1962
    • Genus Punctisphena Kevan, 1961
    • Genus Pyrgomorpha Serville, 1838
    • Genus Pyrgomorphella Bolívar, 1904
    • Genus Pyrgomorphellula Kevan & Hsiung, 1988
    • Genus Pyrgomorphula Kevan & Akbar, 1963
    • Genus Scabropyrgus Kevan, 1962
    • Genus Somalopyrgus Kevan & Akbar, 1964
    • Genus Tanita Bolívar, 1904
    • Genus Tanitella Kevan, 1962
    • Genus Zarytes Bolívar, 1904

Schulthessiini

Kevan & Akbar, 1964; Distribution: Madagascar

  • Genus Buyssoniella Bolívar, 1905
  • Genus Schulthessia Bolívar, 1905

Sphenariini

Bolívar, 1884 - Central America, Africa, China

  • Sub-tribe Mekongianina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
    • Genus Mekongiana Uvarov, 1940
    • Genus Mekongiella Kevan, 1966
    • Genus Yunnanites Uvarov, 1925
  • Sub-tribe Rubelliina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
  • Sub-tribe Sphenariina Bolívar, 1884
    • Genus Jaragua (insect) Perez-Gelabert, Dominici & Hierro, 1995
    • Genus Prosphena Bolívar, 1884
    • Genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1845
  • Sub-tribe Sphenexiina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
    • Genus Sphenexia Karsch, 1896
    • Genus Xenephias Kevan, 1973

Tagastini

Bolívar, 1905; Distribution: SE Asia

Taphronotini

Bolívar, 1904; Distribution: Africa, India, Indo-China

Aularches miliaris
  • Genus Aularches Stål, 1873; monotypic: A. miliaris
  • Genus Taphronota Stål, 1873

Tribe not assigned

All genera are monotypic:

  • Eilenbergia: E. sagitta Mason, 1979
  • Megalopyrga: M. monochroma Baccetti, 1985
  • Paramekongiella: P. zhongdianensis Huang, 1990
  • Xiphipyrgus: X. tunstalli Kevan, 1982
gollark: My friend switched to economics at the end of year 10 and got an A-ish grade on the end of year exams from 2 hours reading the textbook and someone's notes.
gollark: Really oversimplified, no mathematical models, and it was way too easy.
gollark: I found GCSE economics ridiculous and boring.
gollark: Or were, I think many stopped when going to Y13.
gollark: Aside from the FM people there are only about 4 doing it at my school.

References
  1. Krauss (1890) Verh. der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellsch. Wien 40:271
  2. Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 8 April 2018)
  3. "Orthoptera (Grasshoppers & Locusts)". anic.ento.csiro.au. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  4. http://www.ces.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3200.htm
  5. http://www.ces.csiro.au/aicn/system/c_3852.htm
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