Putèr

Puter (also spelled Putèr; pronounced [puˈteːr] (listen)) is a variety of Romansh spoken in the Engadin valley in Graubünden, which is in the southeastern part of Switzerland. It is spoken in the central northwestern end of the valley between S-chanf and St. Moritz, as well as in the region of the Bernina Pass. Romansh was named by 5,497 people within the upper Engadine valley (30%) as a habitually spoken language in the census of 2000, which probably corresponds roughly to the total number of speakers.[3] The term is probably originally a nickname derived from put 'porridge', meaning 'porridge-eaters'.[4]

Sgraffito on a house in Samedan, translation: A human without love is like a meadow without flowers
Putèr
putèr
Pronunciation[puˈteːr] (listen)
Native toEngadin in Switzerland
Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologpute1235[1]
IETFrm-puter[2]

Classification
Historical distribution of the dialects of Romansh, German, and Italian in Graubünden:
  Sursilvan
  Tuatschin
  Sutsilvan
  Surmiran
  Putèr
  Vallader
  Jauer

Puter and Vallader are sometimes referred to as one specific variety known as Ladin, as they have retained this word to mean Romansh. However, the term Ladin is primarily associated with the closely related language in Italy's Dolomite mountains also known as Ladin. Puter and Vallader are distinguished from the other Romansh dialects among other things by the retention of the rounded front vowels /y/ and /ø/ (written ü and ö), which have been derounded to /i/ and /e/ in the other dialects. Compare Putèr mür  to Sursilvan mir  ‘wall’ and Putèr chaschöl  to Sursilvan caschiel  'cheese'.

Each village between S-chanf and St. Moritz has a slightly different accent, although the written form remains the same.

Sample

The fable The Fox and the Crow by Jean de La Fontaine in Putèr Romansh, as well as a translation into English, the similar-looking but noticeably different-sounding dialect Vallader, and Rumantsch Grischun.[5]

Putèr
audio 		 Vallader
audio 		 Rumantsch Grischun
audio 		 Translation
La vuolp d’eira darcho üna vouta famanteda. Co ho'la vis sün ün pin ün corv chi tgnaiva ün töch chaschöl in sieu pical. Que am gustess, ho'la penso, ed ho clamo al corv: «Che bel cha tü est! Scha tieu chaunt es uschè bel scu tia apparentscha, alura est tü il pü bel utschè da tuots». La vuolp d'eira darcheu üna jada fomantada. Qua ha'la vis sün ün pin ün corv chi tgnaiva ün toc chaschöl in seis pical. Quai am gustess, ha'la pensà, ed ha clomà al corv: «Che bel cha tü est! Scha teis chant es uschè bel sco tia apparentscha, lura est tü il plü bel utschè da tuots». La vulp era puspè ina giada fomentada. Qua ha ella vis sin in pign in corv che tegneva in toc chaschiel en ses pichel. Quai ma gustass, ha ella pensà, ed ha clamà al corv: «Tge bel che ti es! Sche tes chant è uschè bel sco tia parita, lur es ti il pli bel utschè da tuts». The fox was hungry yet again. There he saw a raven upon a fir holding a piece of cheese in its beak. This I would like, he thought, and shouted at the raven: "You are so beautiful! If your singing is as beautiful as your looks, then you are the most beautiful of all birds.".
gollark: Maybe I should publish my entirely useless code with a custom license forbidding people who actively go around describing themselves as not caring about other people from using it.
gollark: Although that's kind of contradictory depending on what you're defining "bad" based on.
gollark: Well, you totally could, and that goes against the ethical frameworks most people agree with.
gollark: ...
gollark: So it had some positive effects, doesn't make it good on net.

Sources
  • Gross, Manfred (2004), Romanisch – Facts & Figures (in German), Chur, ISBN 3-03900-034-9
  • Ricarda, Liver (1999), Rätoromanisch – Eine Einführung in das Bündnerromanische (in German), Tübingen: Gunter Narr, ISBN 3-8233-4973-2
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Puter". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. "Puter idiom of Romansh". IANA language subtag registry. 29 June 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  3. Gross (2004). p. 31
  4. Liver 1999; p. 43
  5. Gross, Manfred (2004), Rumantsch – Facts & Figures Archived 2012-04-18 at the Wayback Machine. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2012-02-28.
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