Protos (monastic office)

The protos (Greek: πρώτος, "first, premier") is a monastic office at the Eastern Orthodox monastic state of Mount Athos in Greece.

Authority

The office is assumed by a monk who is elected among the members of the Iera Epistasia ("Holy Administration") which functions as the executive committee of the Iera Koinotita ("Holy Community") — the governing body of Athos composed of representatives from each of the Athonite monasteries — to be the head of the Athonite monastic community. He wields certain ecclesiastical powers, takes part in patriarchal synods, and has the right to confirm and dismiss abbots, with the approval of the Patriarch of Constantinople, under whose jurisdiction Mount Athos functions as an autonomous monastic republic. In the past, the protos seems to have been given authority to ordain (cheirotonia) priests, but currently ordinations on Mount Athos are performed by the Archbishop of Thessaloniki.

The earliest historical documentation of the office of protos is from 908. The first typikon of Mount Athos (the book containing monastic rules and regulations), published by the emperor John Tzimiskes in 972, recognised the first authority over Mount Athos which was elected by the monasteries. During the centuries that followed, the institution of the protos would at times flourish and at other times decline.

In the beginning of the nineteenth century the typikon of 1810 was published, which assigned the protos along with four overseers and with a holy synod composed of representatives from the twenty sovereign monasteries which make up the Mount Athos community.

The seat of the protos has been in Karyes since 911, and the primary church for the Athonite administration is called the Protaton.

History

List of protoi
  • Christodoulos of Patmos,[1] after 1093
  • Hilarion[2]
  • John Tarchaneiotes, ca. 1107[3]
  • John Chortaitinos,[4] fl. 1253
  • Niphon Kausokalybites, 1345-1347[5]
  • Anthony, 1348 (Serbian)[5]
  • Dorotheus of Hilandar, 1356-1366 (Serbian)[5]
gollark: It's not a standard library, it's an "apioplex".
gollark: * the apioplex
gollark: Also maybe change `local` to `let` and `identity` to `id`.
gollark: It would probably look weird even with whitespace and indents.
gollark: > would you call golfed C an "esolang"?Somewhat.

References
  1. Angold (2000), p. 267
  2. Angold (2000), p. 595
  3. Angold (2000), p. 282
  4. Angold (2000), p. 591
  5. Fine (1994), p. 312

Sources
  • Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994), The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5
  • Michael Angold (2000), Church and society in Byzantium under the Comneni, 1081-1261
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