Protandrena

Protandrena is a genus of mining bees in the family Andrenidae. There are at least 50 described species in Protandrena.[1][2][3][4] They are found from Canada through Argentina [5]. However, there is current discussion if the Protandrena in South America are a different species. [4] They are solitary bees. [4]

Protandrena
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Andrenidae
Subfamily:	Panurginae
Tribe:	Protandrenini
Genus:	Protandrena Cockerell, 1896

Morphology

Protandrena bees are slender black bees. They frequently have yellow on the face and pronotum. They could have red on the metasoma. They rarely have a green or blue tint. The forewings will have two or three submarginal cells. The photo to the right shows submarginal cells (on Lasioglossum). The three submarginal cells are near the top of the wing [5].

The wing of Lasioglossum dialictus. While this is not in the genus of Protandrena, it provides a clear photo of submarginal cells.

Other Identifying characteristics include [5]

• middle tibial spur on the female that is finally toothed basally and becomes coarser distally, an exception to this is the subgenus Austropanurgus, where the spur is finally toothed throughout.
• The male's S7 has a pair of large distal lobe that are constricted on the base. S7 here refers to the male genitalia
• The gonostyli is more than half as long as gonocoxites. The apices are articulated or partly fused. The subgenus Parasarus is an exception to this, with the gonostyli being less than 1/3 as long as the gonocoxites.

Species

These 58 species belong to the genus Protandrena:

• Protandrena abdominalis (Cresson, 1878) ^{i c g}
• Protandrena amplipennis Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena angusticeps Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena avulsa Ramos & Melo, 2006 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena bachue Gonzalez & Ruz, 2007 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena bancrofti Dunning, 1897 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena bicolor (Timberlake, 1955) ^{i c g}
• Protandrena bishoppi Crawford, 1916 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena blandula Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena boharti Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena cockerelli Dunning, 1897 ^{i c g b}
• Protandrena cognata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena duplonotata (Timberlake, 1955) ^{i c}
• Protandrena durangoensis Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena eclepta Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena euphorbiae (Timberlake, 1955) ^{i c}
• Protandrena exigua Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena fasciata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena foveata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena guarnensis Gonzalez & Ruz, 2007 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena heteromorpha (Cockerell, 1896) ^{i c g}
• Protandrena hurdi Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena impressa Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena irwini Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena kansensis Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena lateralis Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena leucopus Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena lipovskyi Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena maculata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena marstoni Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena maurula (Cockerell, 1896) ^{i c g}
• Protandrena maximina Gonzalez & Ruz, 2007 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena metanotalis Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena mexicanorum (Cockerell, 1896) ^{i c g b}
• Protandrena modesta (Smith, 1879) ^{i c g}
• Protandrena nudescens Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena pectidis (Timberlake, 1955) ^{i c g}
• Protandrena pernitens Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena persimilis Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena polita Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena protuberata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena punctulata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena rangeli Gonzalez & Ruz, 2007 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena scutellata Cockerell, 1916 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena semilevis Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena skinneri Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena sorocula Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena sphaeralceae Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena swenki Crawford, 1913 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena tessellata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena texana Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena tidestromiae Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena trifoliata (Cockerell, 1896) ^{i c g}
• Protandrena trilobata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena unimaculata Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena verbesinae (Timberlake, 1955) ^{i c g}
• Protandrena wayruronga Gonzalez & Ruz, 2007 ^{i c g}
• Protandrena xestops Timberlake, 1976 ^{i c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS,[1] c = Catalogue of Life,[2] g = GBIF,[3] b = Bugguide.net[4]

References

1. "Protandrena Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
2. "Browse Protandrena". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
3. "Protandrena". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
4. "Protandrena Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
5. Michener, Charles Duncan (2000). The Bees of the World. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801861338.

Further reading

• Ascher, J.S.; Pickering, J. (2019). "Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)". Retrieved 2019-07-02.
• Michener, Charles D. (2007). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0801885730.

External links

• Media related to Protandrena at Wikimedia Commons