Project 10510 icebreaker

Project 10510, also known through the Russian type size series designations LK-110Ya and LK-120Ya[note 2] or the project name Leader (Russian: Лидер, romanized: Lider),[8] is a planned series of Russian nuclear-powered icebreakers. When built, it would supersede Project 22220 icebreakers as the largest and most powerful icebreakers in the world. As of 2020, the lead vessel of the series is under construction and expected to be commissioned by 2027. In total, it is planned to built three vessels by 2033.[5]

Scale model presented by Rosatom
Class overview
Builders: Zvezda shipyard (planned)[1]
Operators: FSUE Atomflot (planned)
Cost: RUB 125.57 billion[2][note 1]
Built: 2020– (planned)[3]
In service: 2027– (planned)[4]
Planned: 3[5]
Building: 1[6]
General characteristics [7]
Type: Icebreaker
Displacement: 69,700 tonnes (68,600 long tons)[8]
Length: 209 m (686 ft)
Beam: 47.7 m (156 ft)
Draft: 13 m (43 ft)
Depth: 20.3 m (67 ft)
Installed power:
Propulsion:
  • Nuclear-turbo-electric
  • Four shafts (4 × 30 MW)[8]
Speed: 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph)
Endurance: 8 months
Crew: 127

Background and development

In the late 1980s, Central Marine Research and Design Institute (CNIIMF) and the Central Design Bureau "Iceberg" developed a number of "icebreaker type size series" for a long-term fleet renewal program initiated shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In addition to smaller diesel-electric icebreakers, the proposed icebreaking vessels included two distinct nuclear-powered icebreaker designs: a 60-megawatt dual-draft line icebreaker and a 110-megawatt "leader-icebreaker". The latter's primary mission would be to ensure reliable year-round shipping in the Russian Arctic, including transit cargo along the Northern Sea Route as well as transportation of raw materials and natural resources produced from the continental shelf. As traditional icebreaker-led convoys were seen preferable over independently-operating ships, the principal characteristics such as a beam of 40–42 metres (131–138 ft) and capability of breaking up to 3.5 metres (11 ft) thick ice were specified with escorting of large-tonnage vessels in mind.[9]

In the late 2000s, increasing shipping activity in the Russian Arctic and the prospect of turning the Northern Sea Route into a year-round shortcut between Western Europe and Asia called for the development of more powerful icebreakers. The 110-megawatt icebreaker, now referred to simply as "Leader" (or "Lider" as romanized from the Russian word Лидер),[8] was seen as the key for ensuring that large container ships could transit the northern passage in just ten days.[10][11][12]

In September 2011, then Prime Minister Vladimir Putin mentioned the construction of 110-megawatt nuclear-powered icebreakers "here in the northwestern shipyards in Russia" in his speech at the interregional conference of United Russia in Cherepovets.[13] Shortly afterwards, Krylov State Research Center began developing the vessel concept in co-operation with Central Design Bureau "Iceberg".[14] The result, Project 10510, was a nuclear-powered icebreaker design intended for escorting cargo ships and tankers with a beam of 50 metres (160 ft) and deadweight tonnage of 100,000 tonnes year-round along the entire Northern Sea Route. With a propulsion power of 120 megawatts, the icebreaker would be capable of maintaining an average escort speed of 10–11 knots (19–20 km/h; 12–13 mph) in 2-metre (6.6 ft) ice.[15][16]

While the Saint Petersburg-based Baltic Shipyard, builder of the preceding Arktika class and the upcoming Project 22220 icebreakers, declared itself as the only Russian shipyard with the necessary competence to construct nuclear-powered icebreakers,[17] the newly-constructed shipbuilding complex "Zvezda" in Bolshoy Kamen in the Russian Far East was also seen as a serious contender. However, proposals to built the vessel at Zaliv Shipbuilding Yard in Kerch in the Russian-annexed Crimea were largely dismissed.[18][19] In September 2018, Zvezda was officially selected as the sole builder of the Project 10510 icebreakers.[1] In February 2019, CEO of Zvezda, Sergei Tseluyko, confirmed during an interview with TASS that the plan is to build three Project 10510 icebreakers at the shipyard.[3][20]

On 15 January 2020, shortly before resigning, then Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a governmental order allocating 125.57 billion rubles[note 1] of federal money for financing the construction of the first Project 10510 icebreaker for Rosatom from 2020 onwards and commissioning it by 2027.[2][4] Previously, the funding for the construction of the icebreaker had been excluded from the 2017–2025 state program for the development of the Arctic as funding had been cut from 209.7 billion to 50.9 billion rubles.[21]

On 23 April 2020, Atomflot and Zvezda signed the shipbuilding contract for the construction of the first Project 10510 icebreaker.[22][8]

Construction

The construction of the first Project 10510 icebreaker began at Zvezda on 6 July 2020 with a steel cutting ceremony. The first vessel of the series will be named Rossiya, a name previously given to the third Arktika-class icebreaker.[6]

Design

General characteristics

Project 10510 icebreakers are 209 metres (686 ft) long and have a beam of 47.7 metres (156 ft). They draw 13 metres (43 ft) of water and have a displacement of about 69,700 tonnes (68,600 long tons).[7][8]

In 2015, students from the Saint Petersburg Art and Industry Academy collaborated with Central Design Bureau "Iceberg" to develop futuristic visions on what the next-generation nuclear-powered icebreaker could look like.[23] While these sleek yacht-like design studies have been sometimes incorrectly thought to represent the actual Project 10510 icebreaker design,[24][25] the actual design is a departure from the more angular previous nuclear icebreakers.

Power and propulsion

The icebreakers are powered by two RITM-400 nuclear reactors with a thermal output of 315 megawatts each. Four electrically-driven shafts with a combined capacity of 120 megawatts (161,000 hp) allow the vessel to break up to 4-metre-thick (13 ft) ice.[7]

Ships in class
Name Builder Yard number IMO number Laid down Launched Commissioned Status
Rossiya Zvezda shipyard 9911238 September 2020 (planned)[26] 2027 (planned)[6] Under construction[6]

Notes
  1. About US$2 billion or 1.85 billion euro.
  2. The type size series designation "LK-110Ya" (Russian: ЛК-110Я) and "LK-120Ya" (Russian: ЛК-120Я) comes from the Russian language word for "icebreaker" (Russian: ледокол, romanized: ledokol), propulsion power (110 or 120 megawatts), and the first letter of the Russian word for "nuclear" (Russian: ядерное, romanized: yadernoye).
gollark: They're probably less vocal ones.
gollark: Which two?
gollark: Argument to entitlement. Very stupid.
gollark: I've already complained quite a lot at moderators and not had my soul devoured.
gollark: Oh well.

References
  1. "Zvezda Shipyard Selected as Sole Builder of Project 10510 Leader Nuclear Icebreakers". Navy Recognition. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  2. "Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 15.01.2020 № 11 "Об осуществлении бюджетных инвестиций в строительство головного атомного ледокола проекта 10510 "Лидер"" (in Russian). Government of Russia. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  3. "Гендиректор "Звезды": начнем строить новый атомный ледокол "Лидер" в 2020 году". TASS. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  4. "RUB 127.57 billion of federal budget allocations approved for construction of Leader-class icebreaker". PortNews. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  5. "Три ледокола «Лидер» введут в эксплуатацию до 2033 года". Zvezda. 23 December 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  6. "Началось строительство головного ледокола "Лидер"" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  7. "ПРоссийский атомный ледокол "Лидер"". naukatehnika.com. 18 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  8. "Leader project: Аtomflot and shipbuilder Zvezda sign nuclear icebreaker construction contract". Rosatom. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  9. Tsoy, L.G.; Stoyanov, I.A.; Mikhailichenko, V.V.; Livshits, S.G. (1995), "Perspective types of Arctic icebreakers and their principal characteristics" (PDF), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, 1995 (POAC'95), 1, pp. 13–26
  10. "Атомные ледоколы по проектам "айсберга"" (in Russian). Avtonews. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  11. "Ледокома". Общероссийская газета независимых журналистских расследований «Наша версия» (in Russian). ООО «Диалан». 14 May 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  12. "Экспериментальный высоко коширотный транзитный рейс 1978 г." (PDF). Атомная стратегия (in Russian). ЗАО «ОВИЗО». 7 August 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  13. "Prime Minister Vladimir Putin attends a United Russia party interregional conference, Strategy of Social and Economic Development for Russia's Northwestern Regions to 2020. The Programme for 2011-2012, in Cherepovets". Government of Russia. 5 September 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  14. "ЦНИИ им. Крылова начал работу по созданию ледокола "Лидер" мощностью 110 Мвт" (in Russian). PortNews. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  15. "Atomflot is interested in prompt construction of new 120 MW Leader-class icebreaker (graphics)". PortNews. 27 November 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  16. "Russia's Iceberg Design Bureau Developing Several Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers - TASS". Navy Recognition. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  17. "Baltiysky Zavod claims to be the only shipyard able to build Leader-class icebreaker". PortNews. 9 December 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  18. "В Керчи собираются построить ледокол нового поколения" (in Russian). КрымPRESS. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  19. "On construction of Leader type icebreaker of Project 10510". PortNews. 14 March 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  20. "Russia to Build Three Nuclear-Powered Project 10510 Leader Icebreakers by 2024-2025". Navy Recognition. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  21. "Госпрограмму по развитию Арктики предложили сократить вчетверо" (in Russian). RBC. 11 March 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  22. "Contract for world's largest icebreaker signed in Murmansk-Vladivostok video meeting". The Barents Observer. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  23. "Курсовые проекты "мухинцев": ледоколы от Павла Томашевского и Руслана Штепина" (in Russian). cardesign.ru. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  24. "Monster icebreaker for transpolar shipping". The Barents Observer. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  25. "Russia Announces Plans for Space-Age Icebreakers". Maritime Executive. 1 March 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  26. "Закладка нового ледокола "Лидер" состоится в сентябре" (in Russian). Sudostroenie.info. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
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