Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg

Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg (German: Anne Prinzessin zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg) (née Lady Anne Savile) (25 May 1864 – 31 August 1927) was an English socialite and aviation patron and enthusiast.[1][2][3] Anne was the second woman both to attempt[4][5][6][7] and to perish in a transatlantic aircraft flight.[5][8] Through her marriage to Prince Ludwig of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, Anne was a Princess of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg and a member of the Princely House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg.

Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg
Born	Lady Anne Savile (1864-05-25)25 May 1864 London, United Kingdom
Disappeared	August 31, 1927 (aged 63) North Atlantic Ocean
Status	Declared dead in absentia, 6 February 1928
Monuments	Memorial at St Raphael's church, Kingston upon Thames
Nationality	British (1864–1897) German (1897–1918) British (1918–1927)
Known for	First woman to attempt transatlantic flight and first woman to die in transatlantic flight.
Spouse(s)	Prince Ludwig of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg ​ ( m. 1897; died 1899)
Parent(s)	John Savile, 4th Earl of Mexborough Agnes Louisa Elizabeth Raphael

Family

Anne was born on 25 May 1864 in London, England, a daughter of John Savile, 4th Earl of Mexborough, and his second wife Agnes Louisa Elizabeth Raphael.

Marriage

Anne married Prince Ludwig of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, eighth child and sixth son of Wilhelm, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, and his first wife, Countess Olga Clara of Schönburg-Forderglauchau, on 15 May 1897 in London. Following their marriage, Anne became a citizen of the German Empire.[1] In addition to her "personal charms," Anne brought a great fortune to the marriage.[9] Anne's husband Ludwig mysteriously disappeared within a year of their marriage in the Philippines during the Spanish–American War,[10][11][12] where he was killed during fighting between Emilio Aguinaldo-led insurgents and the United States Army in the Battle of Caloocan of the Philippine–American War.[10][13][14] She was notified of her husband Ludwig's death through the United States Embassy in London.[9] Anne regained her British nationality in 1918 following World War I.[1]

Anti-seasick bed

Before the outbreak of World War I, Anne continued to regularly visit the United States. On one such occasion in January 1913, she arrived on the White Star liner SS Majestic to New York City from Southampton.[15] Accompanied by her secretary, Hughes Massie, Anne brought with her an "automatic balancing bed" of her own invention which she had declared prevented sea sickness.[15]

Aviation enthusiast

Anne began flying as a passenger aboard aircraft in 1914.[1] She then befriended Captain Leslie Hamilton, a World War I flying ace nicknamed the "Flying Gypsy."[1] Anne was a passenger when Hamilton flew in the 1923 King's Cup Race.[1] During her participation as a passenger in aviation events, she usually flew under her maiden name, "Lady Anne Savile".[1][16][17]

In 1922, Anne rode as a passenger in her own aircraft in a cup race from Croydon to Edinburgh, Scotland.[1] In 1925, she and Hamilton attempted a flight from London to Paris.[1] Following their departure, their aircraft was not seen after it passed Folkestone and a search of the English Channel was begun.[1] After an all-night search, the aircraft was found near Pontoise, a northwest suburb of Paris, where it had been forced down due to engine trouble.[1] Throughout her 13 years of flight, Anne achieved several aviation records in her own right.[4]

Transatlantic flight and disappearance

Main article: St. Raphael (aircraft)

A Fokker VIIa, similar to St. Raphael

In 1927, Anne financed Captain Leslie Hamilton's attempt to set an aviation record by being the first aviator to fly over the Atlantic Ocean from east to west from England to Canada.[1][18] Against her relatives' protests, including those of her brother John Horace Savile, 5th Earl of Mexborough, she decided to join Hamilton's expedition as a passenger[1][16][17] because she had dreamed of becoming the first woman to "fly the sea".[3] Anne, Captain Hamilton, and Colonel Frederick F. Minchin took off from the aerodrome at Upavon, Wiltshire at 7:32 a.m. on 31 August 1927 in a large Fokker F.VII monoplane powered by a 450 hp Bristol Jupiter engine known as the Saint Raphael bound for Ottawa.[1][4][18] For the historic flight, Anne was dressed in royal purple to demonstrate what style of clothing she felt women should wear during a transatlantic flight.[1] Her wardrobe consisted of purple leather knee-breeches, a matching jacket, a black crush hat, black silk stockings, and high-heeled fur-lined boots.[1] Anne's flying suit was similar to those she had worn in previous cup races.[17] The Archbishop of Cardiff blessed the aircraft and its occupants, and following the blessing, Anne discarded her coat and boarded the aircraft.[1]

Monument to Princess Anne of Loewenstein Wertheim in St Raphael's Church, Surbiton

The Saint Raphael headed west from the coast of Ireland and was last seen by the crew of the SS Josiah Macy.[19] Around 6 a.m. the next morning the Dutch steamer SS Blijdendijik reported seeing a white light travelling eastward in the sky when about 420 miles east-south-east of New York, which, if it were St. Raphael, was far to the south of its intended route, suggesting that they were lost. The aircraft was never seen again.[20] Wireless communications with all points along the coast of Labrador failed to find any trace of the Saint Raphael following its disappearance in flight.[21] Further searches failed to yield signs of the aircraft and its crew, and by 5 September, the remaining hope was that fish-carrying steamers or whalers had rescued Anne, Hamilton, and Minchin after the Saint Raphael plunged into the ocean, as it was supposed.[21] On 5 September, Anne's brothers, Earl Mexborough and the Honorable George Savile, announced that they believed their sister had died at sea along with Captain Hamilton and Colonel Minchin.[22] Despite no signs of the Saint Raphael or its crew, it is presumed that Anne, Hamilton, and Minchin perished on 31 August 1927 in the North Atlantic Ocean near Labrador and Newfoundland.[2][21][23] Savile family friend Princess Blucher von Wahlstatt told the United Press that "[Anne's] brothers did their best to dissuade her from the unnecessary adventure, but she was bent on going and refused to be dissuaded."[22]

At the time of her death, Anne was the second woman to disappear in an attempted transoceanic flight in nearly two weeks; the first was Mildred Doran, who had been participating in the Dole Air Race from Oakland, California, to Hawaii.[1][23]

In 1928, the Ontario Surveyor General named a number of lakes in the northwest of the province to honour aviators who had perished during 1927, mainly in attempting oceanic flights.[24][25] The main lake so named is St Raphael Lake (50.64°N 91.08°W / 50.64; -91.08) named for the Saint Raphael; similarly-named lakes in the same general vicinity include Hamilton Lake (50.89°N 90.38°W / 50.89; -90.38), Minchin Lake (50.78°N 90.53°W / 50.78; -90.53) and Wertheim Lake (50.66°N 90.62°W / 50.66; -90.62), which commemorates Anne.

Anne was presumed dead by a court order made in London on 6 February 1928; she died intestate and left an estate valued at £28,265 (gross) and net personal property of £20,371.[26]

A large memorial plaque commemorating the fateful flight and dedicated to Anne, Captain Hamilton and Colonel Minchin hangs in St Raphael's church, Kingston upon Thames.

Titles and styles

• 25 May 1864 – 15 May 1897: Lady Anne Savile
• 15 May 1897 – 31 August 1927: Her Serene Highness Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg

Ancestry

Ancestors of Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg

16. John Savile, 1st Earl of Mexborough 8. John Savile, 2nd Earl of Mexborough 17. Sarah Delaval 4. John Savile, 3rd Earl of Mexborough 18. Henry Stephenson 9. Elizabeth Stephenson 19. Alice Stephenson 2. John Savile, 4th Earl of Mexborough 20. Charles Yorke 10. Philip Yorke, 3rd Earl of Hardwicke 21. Catherine Freman 5. Lady Anne Yorke 22. James Lindsay, 5th Earl of Balcarres 11. Lady Elizabeth Lindsay 23. Anne Dalrymple 1. Lady Anne Savile 6. John Raphael 3. Agnes Louisa Elizabeth Raphael

References

1. Associated Press (30 August 1927), "Royal Purple Is Garb of Pioneer Woman Sea Flyer", Ottawa Citizen, retrieved 21 August 2010
2. United Press (2 September 1927), "Plane Tragedy Toll Increases", Berkeley Daily Gazette, retrieved 21 August 2010
3. Maeder, Jay (14 September 1999), "Frances Grayson Still Small Voice", Daily News, retrieved 21 August 2010
4. Lawrence, Harry (2004), Aviation and the Role of Government, Kendall Hunt, ISBN 978-0-7575-0944-5, archived from the original on 15 February 2017
5. Roseberry, Cecil R. (1966), The challenging skies: the colorful story of aviation's most exciting years, 1919–1939, Doubleday, archived from the original on 4 November 2013
6. Montague, Richard (1971), Oceans, poles and airmen: the first flights over wide waters and desolate ice, Random House, ISBN 978-0-394-46237-0, archived from the original on 15 February 2017
7. Delear, Frank J. (1979), Famous first flights across the Atlantic, Dodd, Mead, ISBN 978-0-396-07704-6, archived from the original on 15 February 2017
8. Butler, Susan (2009), East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart, Da Capo Press, ISBN 978-0-306-81837-0, archived from the original on 15 February 2017
9. The Mail and Empire Staff (3 April 1899), "A Tragedy in High Life", The Mail and Empire, retrieved 21 August 2010
10. The New York Times Staff (27 March 1899), "The Mystery of Loewenstein" (PDF), The New York Times, retrieved 19 August 2010
11. Christ Church Cathedral (1906), The Bystander, Volume 10, Christ Church Cathedral, archived from the original on 16 December 2017
12. The New York Times Staff (5 March 1899), "Speculation About A Prince" (PDF), The New York Times, retrieved 19 August 2010
13. The New York Times Staff (9 May 1899), "Death of Prince Loewenstein" (PDF), The New York Times, retrieved 19 August 2010
14. The New York Times Staff (23 November 1913), "English Peer, Once a Prospector Here, Turns Moslem" (PDF), The New York Times, retrieved 19 August 2010
15. The New York Times Staff (25 January 1913), "Here With Her Anti-Seasick Bed" (PDF), The New York Times, retrieved 21 August 2010
16. Associated Press (24 August 1927), "Princess To Be Passenger", The Florence Times-News, retrieved 21 August 2010
17. Associated Press (24 August 1927), "Princess To Be Passenger on Trans-Atlantic Flight, Which Starts Tomorrow, Dispatch Says", The Evening Independent, retrieved 21 August 2010
18. Ellis, Frank H.; Elsie M. Ellis (1963), Atlantic air conquest: the complete story of all North Atlantic flights and attempts during the pioneer years from 1910 to 1940, W. Kimber, archived from the original on 30 March 2017
19. The Aerodrome: Aces and Aircraft of World War I website. "Leslie Hamilton". The Aerodrome: Aces and Aircraft of World War I website. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
20. "The Atlantic Flights". Flight. XIX (976): 634. 8 September 1927. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
21. United Press (5 September 1927), "Princess Anne Hunt Fruitless", The Pittsburgh Press, retrieved 21 August 2010
22. United Press (5 September 1927), "Kin Abandon Hope: Brothers of Flying Princess Sure Sister Lost Life", The Pittsburgh Press, retrieved 21 August 2010
23. The New York Times Staff (3 September 1927), "Fifteen Lives Lost in Ocean Flights; Princess Lowenstein-Wertheim Is the Second Woman Victim in Two Weeks", The New York Times, archived from the original on 3 November 2012, retrieved 21 August 2010
24. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (2007). "St. Raphael Signature Site Strategy" (PDF). Toronto, ON. Retrieved 19 July 2011. p 14.
25. "Lost Aviators: New Lakes Named". The West Australian. Perth, WA. 16 January 1928. p. 13. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
26. "Atlantic flight echo". The Irish Times. 3 April 1928. p. 9.