Prince Shen

Prince Shen of the Second Rank (Manchu: ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ
ᡤᡳᠩᡤᡠᠯᡝᡥᡝ
ᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ
ᠸᠠᠩ; doroi ginggulehe giyūn wang), or simply Prince Shen, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). It was renamed to "Prince Zhi of the Second Rank" in 1772 and upgraded to Prince Zhi of the First Rank (or simply Prince Zhi) in 1789.

Prince Shen of the Second Rank
Traditional Chinese多羅慎郡王
Simplified Chinese多罗慎郡王
Prince Zhi of the First Rank
Traditional Chinese和碩質親王
Simplified Chinese和硕质亲王

Since the peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank vis-à-vis that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a feng'en fuguo gong except under special circumstances.

The first bearer of the title was Yunxi (允禧; 1711–1758), the 21st son of the Kangxi Emperor. In 1735, Yunxi was granted the title "Prince Shen of the Second Rank" by his nephew, the Qianlong Emperor. As his two sons died early, Yunxi adopted the Qianlong Emperor's sixth son, Yongrong (1744–1790), as his grandson. Yongrong inherited the peerage in 1772 as "Prince Zhi of the Second Rank" and was promoted to a qinwang (first-rank prince) in 1789. The title was passed down over eight generations and held by eight persons.

Members of the Prince Shen peerage

Main line
  • Yunxi (允禧; 1711 – 1758), the Kangxi Emperor's 21st son, initially a beizi (4th-rank prince), promoted to beile (3rd-rank prince), held the title Prince Shen of the Second Rank from 1735 to 1758, posthumously honoured as Prince Shen Jing of the Second Rank (慎靖郡王)
    • Hong'ang (弘昴; 1728 – 1742), Yunxi's first son
    • Hongxun (弘旬; 1731 – 1749), Yunxi's second son
    • (adoption)
      • Yongrong (1744 – 1790), the Qianlong Emperor's sixth son and adopted as Yunxi's grandson & heir, initially a beile (3rd-rank prince), promoted to second-rank prince in 1772, held the title Prince Zhi of the First Rank from 1789 to 1790, posthumously honoured as Prince Zhi Zhuang of the First Rank (質莊親王)
        • Mianqing (綿慶; 1779 – 1804), Yongrong's fifth son, succeeded & held the title as Prince Zhi of the Second Rank from 1790 to 1804, posthumously honoured as Prince Zhi Ke of the Second Rank (質恪郡王)
          • Yiqi (奕綺; 1802 – 1842), Mianqing's eldest son, succeeded & held the title of a beile (3rd-rank prince) from 1809 to 1839, stripped of his title in 1839, posthumously restored of his title in 1842
            • Zaihua (載華; 1829 – 1888), Yilun's (from Prince Cheng's peerage & adoptive Prince Lü's peerage) 11th son and adopted as Yiqi's heir & son, succeeded & held the title of a beizi (4th-rank prince) from 1845 to 1865, stripped of his title in 1865

Family tree

adoption
Xuanye
玄燁
(1654–1722)
Kangxi Emperor
康熙帝
(1661–1722)
Yinzhen
胤禛
(1678–1735)
Yongzheng Emperor
雍正帝
(1722–1735)		Yunxi
允禧
(1711–1758)
Prince Shenjing of the Second Rank
慎靖郡王
(1730–1758)
Hongli
弘曆
(1711–1799)
Qianlong Emperor
乾隆帝
(1735–1796)
Yongrong
永瑢
(1744–1790)
Prince Zhizhuang of the First Rank
質莊親王
(1789–1790)		Yongxing
永瑆
(1752–1823)
Prince Chengzhe of the First Rank
成哲親王
(1789–1823)
Mianqing
綿慶
(1779–1804)
Prince Zhike of the Second Rank
質恪郡王
(1790–1804)		Mianqin
綿懃
(1768–1820)
Prince Cheng of the Second Rank
成郡王
(posthumously awarded)
Yiqi
奕綺
(1802–1842)
Beile
貝勒
(1809–1839)		Yilun
奕綸
(1790–1836)
Beile
貝勒
(1809–1835)
Zaihua
載華
(1829–1888)
Beizi
貝子
(1845–1865)
(stripped of his title)		Zaigang
載鋼
(1823–1882)
Feng'en Zhenguo Gong
奉恩鎮國公
(1865–1882)
Putai
溥泰
(1848–?)
Feng'en Zhenguo Gong
奉恩鎮國公
(1882–1883)		Puling
溥齡
(1849–1897)
Feng'en Zhenguo Gong
奉恩鎮國公
(1883–1897)		Pulin
溥霖
(1852–1884)
First Class Fuguo Jiangjun
一等輔國將軍
(1872–1884)		Puliang
溥量
(1866–?)
Fuguo Jiangjun
輔國將軍
(1887–?)
Yuheng
毓亨
(1875–?)
Feng'en Zhenguo Gong
奉恩鎮國公
(1897–?)

See also

References

  • Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao). Volume 220. China.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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