Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area

Prince Edward Island Marine Protected Area
Prince Edward Island Marine Protected Area
Location	Prince Edward Island, South Africa
Coordinates	46°43.5′S 37°53.5′E
Area	181,229.46 km2 (69,973.09 sq mi)
Established	2013

The Prince Edward Island Marine Protected Area is an offshore conservation region near the Prince Edward Islands in the exclusive economic zone of South Africa, nearly 2,000 km southeast of South Africa in the Indian Ocean. The MPA provides habitat for seals, killer whales, breeding seabirds and Patagonian toothfish.[1]

History

The Prince Edward Islands have been managed as a special nature reserve since November 1995, but there was originally no marine component. The Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), Martinus van Schalkwyk, announced South Africa's intention to declare a large MPA around the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands in June 2004. This was followed by consultation between DEAT and WWF to guide the implementation of this MPA. The result was a compromise between conservation and commercial fishing interests based on the available information.[2] The Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs Bomo Edith Edna Molewa, declared a Marine Protected Area in the waters surrounding the Prince Edward Islands by Government Notice 426 in Government Gazette 36575, dated 21 June 2013.[3][4]

Purpose

A marine protected area is defined by the IUCN as "A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values".[5]

The Prince Edward Islands MPA is intended to stop the decline of the Patagonian toothfish, which has been critically over-exploited, and to reduce the seabird bycatch of the fishery, particularly of albatrosses and petrels.[2]

Extent

The MPA protects 181,229.46 km² (69,973.09 sq mi) of sea in the EEZ around the Prince Edward Islands.[6]

Boundaries

The Prince Edward Islands MPA is the area of sea enclosed by a polygon of borders lines sequentially joining the points from S43°34′, E34°56′, straight to S44°10′, E35°35′, straight to S45°06′, E36°36′, straight to S46°06′, E37°42′, straight to S46°06′, E38°44′, straight to S44°50′, E42°27′, along the boundary of the EEZ to S45°46′, E°42′53, along the boundary of the EEZ to S48°42′, E43°02′, straight to S46°42′, E41°48′, straight to S47°57′, E38°07′, straight to S49°20′, E38°36′, straight to S50°14′, E35°36′, along the boundary of the EEZ to S49°16′, E34°03′, straight to S48°02′, E35°25′, straight to S47°03′, E36°31′, straight to S46°12′, E35°36′, straight to S45°16′, E34°35′, straight to S44°30′, E33°44′ and back along the boundary of the EEZ to S43°34′, E34°56′.[4]

Zonation

The MPA comprises a sanctuary zone, four restricted zones, and a controlled zone, linking the restricted zones.[3]

Sanctuary area

The sanctuary zone extends 12 nautical miles offshore from the high water mark. It is inside the Prince Edward Islands restricted zone.[2]

Restricted areas

Southwest Indian Ridge restricted area:[2]

North-eastern border: S44°10′, E35°35′ to S45°06′, E36°36′
South-eastern border: S45°06′, E36°36′ to S46°12′, E35°36′
South-western border: S46°12′, E35°36′ to S45°16′, E34°35′
North-western border: S45°16′, E34°35′ to S44°10′, E35°35′

Prince Edward Islands restricted area:[2]

Northern border: S46°06′, E37°03′ to S46°06′, E38°44′
Eastern border: S46°06′, E38°44′ to S47°21′, E38°44′
Southern border: S47°21′, E38°44′ to S47°21′, E37°03′
Western border: S47°21′, E37°03′ to S46°06′, E37°03′

Africana II Rise restricted area:[2]

Northern border: S45°46′, E41°48′ to S45°46′, E42°53′
Eastern border: S45°46′, E42°53′ to S48°42′, E43°02′ along the border of the EEZ
Southern border: S48°42′, E43°02′ to S47°57′, E38°07′
Western border: S47°57′, E38°07′ to S45°46′, E41°48′

Abyss restricted area:[2]

North-eastern border: S48°02′, E35°25′ to S49°20′, E38°36′
South-eastern border: S49°20′, E38°36′ to S50°14′, E35°36′
South-western border: S50°14′, E35°36′ to S49°16′, E34°03′ along the border of the EEZ
North-western border: S49°16′, E34°03′ to S48°02′, E35°25′

Controlled areas

The controlled zone is remainder of the MPA outside of the restricted areas.[2]

Management

The marine protected areas of South Africa are the responsibility of the national government, which has management agreements with a variety of MPA management authorities, which manage the MPAs with funding from the SA Government through the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA).[5]

The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is responsible for issuing permits, quotas and law enforcement.[7]

Use

Geography

Climate

Seasonal variations in sea conditions

Ecology

Marine species diversity

Animals

Marine mammals:[3]

Southern elephant seal - breeding colony
Sub-Antarctic fur seal - breeding colony
Antarctic fur seal - breeding colony

Marine birds:[3]

King penguin - breeding colony
Gentoo penguin - breeding colony
Macaroni penguin - breeding colony
Southern rockhopper penguin - breeding colony
Wandering albatross - breeding colony
Grey headed albatross - breeding colony
Indian yellow-nosed albatross - breeding colony
Dark-mantled sooty albatross - breeding colony
Light-mantled sooty albatross - breeding colony

Fish:[3]

Patagonian toothfish

Seaweeds

Endemism

Alien invasive species

Threats

Marine resources of the MPA have been threatened by illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing for Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides. Longline fishing also has an impact on seabirds which get snagged while lines are being set.

Slipways and harbours in the MPA

There are no slipways or harbours in or near the MPA.

gollark: > also I'm pretty sure it's a case of in-group/out-group-ismWhat is? I mean, our CS class didn't, presumably, have someone going "hmm yes you are of incorrect gender/ethnicity, no computer science for you" - people just *didn't sign up*.

gollark: Yes, I ignored it because I patternmatched it to "identity-politics-y complaining again".

gollark: Fine. I'll manually embed it.> Not Everyone Must "Code" @ osmarks.tk> *Why I think that government programs telling everyone to "code" are pointless.*

gollark: WHY WON'T DISCORD AUTOMATICALLY EMBED THAT Æ

gollark: I mean, the "learn to code" things have been annoying and horocylindrical (https://osmarks.tk/nemc).

References

"Prince Edward Islands - Restricted Zones". www.mpatlas.org. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
Nel, Deon; Omardien, Aaniyah, eds. (July 2008). Towards the Development of a Marine Protected Area at the Prince Edward Islands (PDF). WWF South Africa Report Series – 2008/Marine/001 (Report).
"Prince Edward Islands declared a Marine Protected Area". www.environment.gov.za. 9 April 2013.
"Government Notice 426: Declaration of the Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area" (PDF). Government Gazette. Pretoria: Government Printer (36575). 21 June 2013.
"Marine Protected Areas". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
"Prince Edward Island Marine Protected Area in South Africa". www.protectedplanet.net. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
"Marine Protected Area". Retrieved 26 May 2018.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[MPAtlas-1] "Prince Edward Islands - Restricted Zones". www.mpatlas.org. Retrieved 9 February 2019.

[WWF_report-2] Nel, Deon; Omardien, Aaniyah, eds. (July 2008). Towards the Development of a Marine Protected Area at the Prince Edward Islands (PDF). WWF South Africa Report Series – 2008/Marine/001 (Report).

[DEA_2013-3] "Prince Edward Islands declared a Marine Protected Area". www.environment.gov.za. 9 April 2013.

[declaration-4] "Government Notice 426: Declaration of the Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area" (PDF). Government Gazette. Pretoria: Government Printer (36575). 21 June 2013.

[WWF-5] "Marine Protected Areas". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 24 May 2018.

[protected_planet-6] "Prince Edward Island Marine Protected Area in South Africa". www.protectedplanet.net. Retrieved 4 June 2019.

[SANParks-7] "Marine Protected Area". Retrieved 26 May 2018.

Marine protected areas of South Africa
Coastal MPAs	Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area Betty's Bay Marine Protected Area Bird Island Marine Protected Area De Hoop Marine Protected Area Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area Goukamma Marine Protected Area Helderberg Marine Protected Area Hluleka Marine Protected Area iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area Jutten Island Marine Protected Area Langebaan Lagoon Marine Protected Area Malgas Island Marine Protected Area Marcus Island Marine Protected Area Namaqua National Park Marine Protected Area Pondoland Marine Protected Area Robben Island Marine Protected Area Robberg Marine Protected Area Sardinia Bay Marine Protected Area Sixteen Mile Beach Marine Protected Area Stilbaai Marine Protected Area Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area Trafalgar Marine Protected Area Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area Walker Bay Whale Sanctuary
Offshore MPAs	Agulhas Bank Complex Marine Protected Area Agulhas Front Marine Protected Area Agulhas Muds Marine Protected Area Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area Amathole Offshore Marine Protected Area Benguela Bank Marine Protected Area Benguela Muds Marine Protected Area Browns Bank Complex Marine Protected Area Browns Bank Corals Marine Protected Area Cape Canyon Marine Protected Area Childs Bank Marine Protected Area iSimangaliso Offshore Marine Protected Area Namaqua Fossil Forest Marine Protected Area Orange Shelf Edge Marine Protected Area Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area Protea Banks Marine Protected Area Southeast Atlantic Seamounts Marine Protected Area Southwest Indian Seamounts Marine Protected Area Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected Area uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area
Management organisations	CapeNature City of Cape Town Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Department of Environmental Affairs Department of Science and Technology Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife iSimangaliso Wetland Park Authority Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality South African National Parks
Research organisations	Council for Geoscience iNaturalist Iziko South African Museum National Research Foundation Nelson Mandela University Oceanographic Research Institute Rhodes University South African Association for Marine Biological Research South African Environmental Observation Network South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity South African National Biodiversity Institute University of KwaZulu-Natal University of Cape Town
Key people	Kerry Sink
MPA species lists	List of marine animals of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay List of seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
Related	African Coelacanth Ecosystem Program Biodiversity of South Africa Marine biodiversity of South Africa Environmental impact of recreational diving Low impact diving International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone Marine protected area Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998 National Environmental Management Act, 107 of 1998 National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 10 of 2004 National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 24 of 2008 National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003 Protected areas of South Africa Scuba diving tourism SeaKeys World Wide Fund for Nature
Categories: Marine protected areas of South Africa Commons Index Outline

Marine biodiversity of South Africa
National species lists	List of comb jellies of South Africa List of echinoderms of South Africa List of marine and coastal birds of South Africa List of marine bristleworms of South Africa List of marine bryozoans of South Africa List of marine cnidarians of South Africa List of marine crustaceans of South Africa List of sea spiders of South Africa List of marine fishes of South Africa List of marine bony fishes of South Africa List of marine spiny-finned fishes of South Africa List of marine Perciform fishes of South Africa List of marine fishes of the suborder Percoidei of South Africa List of marine flatworms of South Africa List of marine mammals of South Africa List of marine molluscs of South Africa List of marine gastropods of South Africa List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa List of marine reptiles of South Africa List of seaweeds of South Africa List of red seaweeds of South Africa List of sponges of South Africa
Regional and MPA species lists	List of marine animals of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay List of seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
Research	National Biodiversity Assessment Reef Atlas Project SeaKeys South African Environmental Observation Network South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity South African National Biodiversity Institute
Citizen science databases	iNaturalist iSpot FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Virtual Museum
Researchers	Kerry Sink
Taxonomists	Robert Anderson J. L. Barnard K. H. Barnard John J. Bolton George M. Branch Jennifer Day (biologist) Wayne Florence Terrence Gosliner Charles L. Griffiths P. Heemstra Brian Kensley N. A. H. Millard H. Milne-Edwards T. Samaai J. L. B. Smith H. Stegenga
Related	African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone Marine protected areas of South Africa South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity South African National Biodiversity Institute South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative
Categories: Marine biodiversity of South Africa Commons