Postminimalism

Postminimalism is an art term coined (as post-minimalism) by Robert Pincus-Witten in 1971[1] used in various artistic fields for work which is influenced by, or attempts to develop and go beyond, the aesthetic of minimalism. The expression is used specifically in relation to music and the visual arts, but can refer to any field using minimalism as a critical reference point. In music, "postminimalism" refers to music following minimal music.

Visual art
See also: List of postminimalist artists

In visual art, postminimalist art uses minimalism either as an aesthetic or conceptual reference point. Postminimalism is more an artistic tendency than a particular movement. Postminimalist artworks are usually everyday objects, use simple materials, and sometimes take on a "pure", formalist aesthetic. However, since postminimalism includes such a diverse and disparate group of artists, it is impossible to enumerate all the continuities and similarities between them.

The work of Eva Hesse is also postminimalist: it uses "grids" and "seriality", themes often found in minimalism, but is also usually hand-made, introducing a human element into her art, in contrast to the machine or custom-made works of minimalism. Richard Serra is a prominent post-minimalist.[2]

Music
Periods, eras, and movements of
Western classical music
Early period
Medieval era c. 500–1400
* Ars antiqua c. 1170–1310
* Ars nova c. 1310–1377
* Ars subtilior c. 1360–1420
Renaissance era c. 1400–1600
Common practice period
Baroque era c. 1580–1750
* Late Baroque c. 1680–1750
Galant music c. 1720–1780
* empfindsamer Stil c. 1740s–1780
Classical era c. 1750–1820
* Mannheim school c. 1740s–1770
* Sturm und Drang c. 1770s
Romantic era c. 1800–1910
Late 19th-century to 20th- and 21st-centuries
Modernism c. 1890–1975
* Impressionism c. 1890–1930
* Expressionism c. 1900–1930
* 2nd Viennese School c. 1900–1960
* Neoclassicism c. 1920–1950
* Serialism c. 1920–1975
Contemporary from c. 1950
* Minimalism from c. 1950
* Postmodernism from c. 1960s
* Postminimalism from c. 1980
See also: List of postminimalist composers

In its general musical usage, "postminimalism" refers to works influenced by minimal music, and it is generally categorized within the meta-genre art music. Writer Kyle Gann[3] has employed the term more strictly to denote the style that flourished in the 1980s and 1990s and characterized by:

  1. a steady pulse, usually continuing throughout a work or movement;
  2. a diatonic pitch language, tonal in effect but avoiding traditional functional tonality;
  3. general evenness of dynamics, without strong climaxes or nuanced emotionalism; and
  4. unlike minimalism, an avoidance of obvious or linear formal design.

Minimalist procedures such as additive and subtractive process are common in postminimalism, though usually in disguised form, and the style has also shown a capacity for absorbing influences from world and popular music (Balinese gamelan, bluegrass, Jewish cantillation, and so on).

For a musical style derived from minimalism, see Totalism (music).

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See also

References
  1. Chilvers, Ian and Glaves-Smith, John, A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art, second edition (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 569. ISBN 0199239665.
  2. Smith, Roberta (April 14, 2011). "Richard Serra's Drawings at Metropolitan Museum of Art", NYTimes.com. Accessed 8 June 2012.
  3. Kyle Gann. 2001. "Minimal Music, Maximal Impact: Minimalism's Immediate Legacy: Postminimalism". New Music Box: The Web Magazine from the American Music Center (November 1) (Accessed 4 February 2012).
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