Millettia

Millettia is a genus of legume in the family Fabaceae. It consists of about 150 species, which are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The genus was formerly known by the name Pongamia, but that name was rejected in favor of the name Millettia, and many species have been reclassified.[3] Due to recent interest in biofuels, Pongamia is often the generic name used when referring to Millettia pinnata, a tree being explored for producing biodiesel.[4]

Millettia
M. laurentii, foliage and flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Millettieae
Genus:
Millettia

Wight & Arn., 1834[1]
Species

See text.

Synonyms[2]
  • Berrebera Hochst.
  • Galedupa Lam. 1788
  • Lonchocarpus Dunn 1911
  • Millettia A Wight & Arn. 1834
  • Millettia B Wight & Arn. 1834
  • Neodunnia R.Vig. 1950
  • Otosema Benth. 1852
  • Pongam Adans. 1763
  • Pongamia Vent. 1803
  • Pungamia Lam. 1796

Description

In 1834, in Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis Robert Wight and George Arnott Walker-Arnott describe Millettia as:

Calyx cup-shaped, lobed or slightly toothed. Corolla papilionaceous: vexillum recurved, broad, emarginate, glabrous or silky on the back. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), the tenth quite distinct. Legume flat, elliptic or lanceolate, pointed, coriaceous, thick margined, wingless indehiscent, 1-2 seeded: valves closely cohering with each other all round the seeds and between them. Twining or arboreous. Leaves very large, unequally pinnated: leaflets opposite, with a setaceous partial stipule at the base of each partial petiole. Racemes axillary, more or less branched and compound. Flowers pretty large, purplish, pedicelled on shortish diverging partial peduncles.[5]

Etymology

Long known to residents of the Indies, China, and Africa, this species has had many traditional names. One of the oldest references in traditional Chinese medicine is in Bencao Gangmu Shiyi ("Supplement to Compendium of Materia Medica") where is called jixueteng. The Chinese name literally translates to "stem of chicken's blood" which refers to the red resin present in the stems of several climbing legume shrubs.[6]

In the 1820s-1830s Charles Millett, a plant collector and an official with the East India Company, collected many samples of Millettia while living in Canton and Macao. He sent them to the University of Glasgow's Botanical Garden. In 1834, Robert Wight and George Arnott Walker-Arnott, both Scottish botanists, published Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis where the genus Millettia is first mentioned. The authors named the genus after Charles Millett, incorrectly referring to him as Dr. Charles Millett.[5] Charles Millett of the East India Company has often been confused with Charles Millet, a French ichthyologist, who was active around the same time.[7] In addition J. A. Millet, a French botanist from the 18th century, is often misattributed as the source.[8]

Robert Sweet states that the genus Pongamia comes from the Malabar region in India and is derived from the local word Pongam (most likely from the Malayalam language).[9] Pongamia had often been misattributed to Vent. (1803), but it was preceded by "Pongam Adans. (1763)", "Galedupa Lam. (1788)", and "Pungamia Lam. (1796)" and in accordance with the 1994 Tokyo Code of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the correct citation was established as "Pongamia Adans. (1763)".[10] In 1981 a proposal to conserve the genus Millettia and reject the genus Pongamia was proposed in the journal Taxon and was ratified in 1988.[3]

Uses

The species Millettia pinnata has been investigated for use as biofuel.[11]

Species formerly in the genus

Species
Main article: List of Millettia species

Selected species include:

gollark: They could just put "thunder".
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gollark: I can see all kinds of neat stuff, like the various bots spamming my website with stuff which looks like exploits in poorly written PHP applications (and some `/cgi-bin/ViewLog.asp` thing), webcrawlers adding osmarks.tk to search engines, actual users (somehow), and people crawling my site by IP.
gollark: You can't actually access osmarks.tk through it, it's HTTPS-only.
gollark: Not as far as I can tell.

References
  1. Millettia Wight & Arn. Archived 2010-05-29 at the Wayback Machine, Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
  2. Kew
  3. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History - Proposal No. 549
  4. "Pongamia Factsheet" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-10-02.
  5. Wight, Robert; Arnott, George Arnott Walker (1834). Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis: Containing Abridged Descriptions of the Plants Found in the Peninsula of British India, Arranged According to the Natural System, Volume 1. p. 263.
  6. Subhuti Dharmananda. "MILLETTIA (jixueteng)".
  7. M. Charters. "The Eponym Dictionary of Southern African Plants — Plant Names L-O".
  8. Sue Eland. "Galedupa - Plant Biographies" (PDF).
  9. Sweet, Robert (1839). Sweet's Hortus Britannicus: Or, A Catalogue of All the Plants Indigenous Or Cultivated in the Gardens of Great Britain, Arranged According to the Natural System, with the Generic and Specific Names, English Names, Accentuation, Derivation of Generic Names (3rd ed.). p. 193.
  10. Plant Name Details - Leguminosae Pongamia Vent.
  11. Scott, Paul T.; Pregelj, Lisette; Chen, Ning; Hadler, Johanna S.; Djordjevic, Michael A.; Gresshoff, Peter M. (2008), "Pongamia pinnata: an Untapped Resource for the Biofuels Industry of the Future", BioEnergy Research, 1: 2, doi:10.1007/s12155-008-9003-0
  12. Ibáñez, M. D.; Martínez, M; Sánchez, J. J.; Fernández-Caldas, E (2003). "Reactividad cruzada de las legumbres" [Legume cross-reactivity]. Allergologia et immunopathologia (in Spanish). 31 (3): 151–61. PMID 12783766.
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