Polypodioideae

Polypodioideae is a subfamily belonging to the fern family Polypodiaceae, which is a member of the suborder Polypodiineae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[1] Alternatively, the subfamily may be treated as the tribe Polypodieae within a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato.[2]

Polypodioideae
Common polypody, Polypodium vulgare
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Polypodiineae
Family: Polypodiaceae
Subfamily: Polypodioideae
B.K.Nayar 1970
Genera

See text.

Taxonomy

Two very different circumscriptions of the subfamily were in use as of 2019. In the first, such as the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) used here, the subfamily Polypodioideae is one of a number of subfamilies of the family Polypodiaceae which is part of the suborder Polypodiineae.[1] In the second, the whole of the suborder is placed in a very broadly defined Polypodiaceae sensu lato, in which the subfamily Polypodioideae sensu lato is equivalent to the family Polypodiaceae and the tribe Polypodieae to the subfamily Polypodioideae.[2] The equivalence is shown in the following table.

PPG I[1]Christenhusz & Chase (2014)[2]
Suborder Polypodiineae Dumort.Family Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.Presl
Family Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.PreslSubfamily Polypodioideae B.K.Nayar
Subfamily Polypodioideae J.Presl & C.PreslTribe Polypodieae Hook. & Lindl. ex Duby

History

Mabberley, in 2008, defined this subfamily in a very broad sense, including all of Polypodiaceae except for the Platycerioideae (Platycerium and Pyrrosia) and the grammitid ferns, which he placed in Grammitidaceae. His tribe Polypodieae corresponded to Polypodioideae in the sense of PPG I.[3]

Christenhusz et al., in 2011, incorporated phylogenetic evidence to recircumscribe the subfamily, combining the grammitids with Mabberley's Polypodieae (recognizing a number of segregate genera).[4] The classification of Christenhusz and Chase in 2014 vastly expanded the circumscription of Polypodiaceae, redefined Polypodioideae be what had been theretofore recognized as Polypodiaceae, including the grammitids. The tribe Polypodieae corresponded to the subfamily Polypodioideae in Christenhusz et al.[5]

The most recent circumscription of the subfamily, the PPG I classification, largely returns to that of Christenhusz et al., but excludes the grammitids as subfamily Grammitidoideae, rendering the Polypodioideae potentially paraphyletic.[1]

Phylogeny

The following phylogram shows a likely relationship between Polypodioideae and the other subfamilies within Polypodiaceae, based on groups described by Schuettpelz & Pryer, 2008,[6] using the subfamily names of PPG I.[1]

Polypodiaceae
 

Loxogrammoideae

 
 
 
 

Drynarioideae

 
 
 

Platycerioideae

 
 

Microsoroideae

 
 
 
 
 

"non-grammitid" = Polypodioideae

 
 

"grammitid" ferns = Grammitidoideae

 
 
 
 

Genera

The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) recognizes the following genera:[1]

gollark: ++roll d20
gollark: Why is it harder now?
gollark: We carefully find another GM#1, then, and swordify it.
gollark: I agree.
gollark: We distribute its capital evenly and I take the rock, for purposes.

References
  1. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229.
  2. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Chase, Mark W. (13 February 2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591.
  3. D. J. Mabberley (2008). Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press. p. 690. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
  4. Christenhusz et al. 2011 Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Herald Schneider: "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns." Phytotaxa 19: 7-54. (18 Feb. 2011)
  5. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Chase, Mark W. (13 February 2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
  6. Schuettpelz & Pryer, 2008 Eric Schuettpelz & Kathleen M. Pryer: "Ch. 15. Fern phylogeny" in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes, ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press (2008)
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