Plesiomonas shigelloides

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a species of bacteria[1] that was formerly classified in the family Vibrionaceae, but now most microbiologists agree that a better classification is in the order Enterobacterales (see box on the right). It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which has been isolated from freshwater, freshwater fish, and shellfish and from many types of animals including humans, cattle, goats, swine, cats, dogs, monkeys, vultures, snakes, and toads.

Plesiomonas shigelloides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Proteobacteria
Class:
Gammaproteobacteria
Order:
Enterobacterales
Family:
?
Genus:
Plesiomonas

corrig. Habs and Schubert 1962
Species:
P. shigelloides
Binomial name
Plesiomonas shigelloides
corrig. (Bader 1954)
Habs and Schubert 1962
Synonyms

Pseudomonas shigelloides Bader 1954
Aeromonas shigelloides (Bader 1954) Ewing et al. 1961
Fergusonia shigelloides (Bader 1954) Sebald and Véron 1963

P. shigelloides has been isolated from a wide variety of human clinical specimens including both intestinal (usually feces or rectal swabs) and extra-intestinal. It has been isolated from the feces of humans, both with and without diarrhea, and/or vomiting (gastroenteritis). Many literature reports state or imply that Plesiomonas shigelloides actually caused the diarrhea/gastroenteritis. However, isolation from the feces of a case with diarrhea should not lead to the conclusion that the strain of P. shigelloides actually caused the diarrhea in the case; i.e. a temporal association does not prove causation. However, some strains of P. shigelloides may cause diarrhea in some people under certain conditions. Its causal role in diarrhea deserves additional study with the use of standard causation criteria.

P. shigelloides has been isolated from a wide variety of human extra-intestinal clinical specimens, often from those with an immune deficiency.

Some Plesiomonas strains share antigens with Shigella sonnei, and cross-reactions with Shigella antisera may occur. Plesiomonas can be distinguished from Shigella in diarrheal stools by an oxidase test: Plesiomonas is oxidase positive and Shigella is oxidase negative. Plesiomonas is easily differentiated from Aeromonas sp. and other oxidase-positive organisms by standard biochemical tests.

Human dose-response challenge data are published in Herrington et al. (1987).

References
  1. Niedziela T, Lukasiewicz J, Jachymek W, Dzieciatkowska M, Lugowski C, Kenne L (April 2002). "Core oligosaccharides of Plesiomonas shigelloides O54:H2 (strain CNCTC 113/92): structural and serological analysis of the lipopolysaccharide core region, the O-antigen biological repeating unit, and the linkage between them". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 11653–63. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111885200. PMID 11796731.

Herrington, D.A., Tzipori, S., Robins-Browne, R.M., Tall, B.D. and Levine, M.M., 1987. In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides. Infection and immunity, 55(4), pp.979-985.


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