Piaroa language
Piaroa (also called Guagua ~ Kuakua ~ Quaqua, Adole ~ Ature, Wo’tiheh) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela, native to the Piaroa people. Loukotka (1968) reports that it is spoken along the Sipapo River, Orinoco River, and Ventuari River.[4]
Piaroa | |
---|---|
De'aruwa | |
Native to | Colombia and Venezuela |
Ethnicity | Piaroa people |
Native speakers | 17,000 (2001–2002)[1] |
Piaroa–Saliban
| |
Dialects |
|
Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either:pid – Piaroawpc – Wirö (Maco) |
Glottolog | maco1238 Wirö + Piaroa[2]piar1243 Piaroa[3] |
A Wirö language (commonly called Maco) is sometimes listed separately, or left unclassified. It is very poorly attested, but the few words which are known are enough to show it is a dialect of Piaroa, or at least very closely related (Hammarström 2010).[5]
The unattested extinct Ature language was once spoken on the Orinoco River near the waterfalls of Atures, Venezuela. It is not known whether Ature is related.[4]
Phonology
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nor. | lab. | |||||||
Stop | Plain | p | t | k | kʷ | ʔ | ||
Aspirated | pʰ~ɸ | tʰ | kʰ | hˣʷ | hˣ | |||
Ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | ||||
Glottal | ˀb | ˀd | ||||||
Affricate | Plain | t͡ʃ~t͡s | ||||||
Aspirated | t͡sʰ | |||||||
Ejective | t͡sʼ | |||||||
Fricative | s | |||||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||
Flap/Lateral | ɾ | ʎ | ||||||
Approximant | w | j~dʲ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ~ɯ | u |
Mid | e | ɤ~o | |
Open | æ | ɑ~ɒ |
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gollark: ... maybe these are just hard problems which they're working on, rather than some kind of conspiracy?
gollark: It seems like the problem here might be lack of systems to track and respond to demand, since I think lots of people probably would be willing to pay some money for a ventilator to be available if they need it during this pandemic.
gollark: Ones higher than LEO will stick around for a while. They won't *work* for a hundred years though.
References
- Piaroa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Wirö (Maco) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Maco-Piaroa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Piaroa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- Harald Hammarström, 2010, 'The status of the least documented language families in the world'. In Language Documentation & Conservation, v 4, p 183
- Mosonyi, Esteban E. (2002). Elementos De Gramática Piaroa: Algunas Consideraciones Sobre Sus Clases Nominales (PDF).
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