Phithak Thephamat

Krom Phra Thephamat (Thai: กรมพระเทพามาตย์, died 1774), also known as Iang (เอี้ยง) or Nok-iang (นกเอี้ยง), was a royal woman of the Thonburi dynasty, Siam. She was the mother of Taksin, the founder of Thonburi kingdom.

Ancestry

She was of Mon-Thai descent. François Turpin stated that she was Chinese;[1] if so, Taksin was a full-blooded Chinese.[2] Kulap Tritsananon, a Thai journalist, also stated that her family name was Ngo (Chinese: 吳, Thai: โหงว).[1]

However, official records of Thailand stated that she was a Thai noble woman, and married a Chinese merchant named Yong Saetae.[3] Jean-Baptiste Pallegoix, also stated that she was a Thai.

Moreover, the recent studies show that Nok-iang's mother was a younger sister to Mon nobels; Phraya Phetburi (personal name: Roeang) and Phraya Ram Chaturong (personal name: Chuan). Roeang was appointed by the King Borommakot in 1757 as governor of Phetburi, then the Mon population center and naval base.[4] Phraya Ram Chaturong (Chuan) served as chief of Siam's Mon community during the reign of King Ekkathat before the fall of Ayutthaya. Phraya Ram Chaturong (Chuan) was killed in action by Burmese forces in the fall of Ayutthaya while Phraya Phetburi (Roeang) fall in the course of King Taksin's southern campaign of 1769.[5] Nok-iang's mother married a Thai man.

Furthermore, Nok-iang's cousin, Phraya Nakhone In (personal name: Ma Khon), served as commander of Krom Dap Song Moe, one of Siam's several Mon military regiments too. Another cousin called Thong-Mon who was a daughter of Phraya Ram Chaturong (Chuan) later assigned as Thaw Songkadan (guardian of the royal treasury) by King Taksin in Taksin's Thonburi Grand Palace. Those facts prove that Nok-iang was a Mon-Thai descent, not a Sino-Thai as previously assumed.

And, this is also consistent with Taksin's childhood friendship with Thongduang (later Rama I) who was a descendant of Ayutthaya's Mon aristocratic family, and Taksin's association with his royalist Mon generals; Phraya Ramanwong and Phraya Phichai, and Taksin's most welcoming gesture on Mon settlement in his Thonburi capital.[6][7][8]

Birth of Taksin

She gave birth to Taksin the Great on 17 April 1734. Later, probably due to Phithak Thephamat's lineage with Mon noble family, Taksin was supposedly raised as nobility.[2]

In 1769, she was awarded the feudal title of Somdet Krom Phra Phithak Thephamat by King Taksin.[9][10] She died in 1774.[9] She was cremated at Wat Bang Yi-roea Tai temple (in present-day Bang Yi-roea Mon), which was a cremation place for important personages of Mon ancestry or affiliation during the Thonburi period.

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References
  1. สุทธิศักดิ์ ระบอบ สุขสุวานนท์, หน้า 104
  2. Are we them? The Chinese in 20th-century Thai literature and history, pp. 189
  3. 四十二梅居士, 鄭昭傳
  4. Roy, Journal of the Siam Society. (2010). "Prominent Mon Lineages from Late Ayutthaya to Early Bangkok" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04.
  5. Siamese Melting Pot: Ethnic Minorities in the Making of Bangkok. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. 2017. pp. 78, 211. ISBN 9789814762830.
  6. Desakura (2020-01-24). "Where does the Mon Pak Lad shortcut?". Stationremodel. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  7. Siamese Melting Pot: Ethnic Minorities in the Making of Bangkok. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. 2017. pp. 79–85. ISBN 9789814762830.
  8. The Organization of Thai Society In The Early Bangkok Period 1782-1873. New York: Department of Asian Studies, Cornell University. 1969.
  9. สุทธิศักดิ์ ระบอบ สุขสุวานนท์, หน้า 105
  10. David K. Wyatt. Thailand: A Short History. Yale University Press. pp. 140. ISBN 0300035829.
  • สุทธิศักดิ์ ระบอบ สุขสุวานนท์. "สมเด็จพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี "ลูกจีนกู้ชาติ" ในประวัติศาสตร์การเมืองไทย". ศิลปวัฒนธรรม 29:7 (พฤษภาคม 2551)


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