Philip Barton Key II

Philip Barton Key Jr. (April 5, 1818 – February 27, 1859)[1] was an American lawyer who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia.[2] He is most famous for his public affair with Teresa Bagioli Sickles, and his eventual murder at the hands of her husband, Congressman Daniel Sickles of New York. Sickles defended himself by adopting a defense of temporary insanity, the first time the defense had been used in the United States.[2][3]

Philip Barton Key II
Harper's Weekly engraving of Philip Barton Key from a photograph by Mathew Brady
8th United States Attorney for the District of Columbia
In office
September 6, 1853 – February 27, 1859
PresidentFranklin Pierce
James Buchanan
Preceded byPhilip Richard Fendall II
Succeeded byRobert Ould
Personal details
Born(1818-04-05)April 5, 1818
Georgetown, Washington, D.C., United States
DiedFebruary 27, 1859(1859-02-27) (aged 40)
Washington, D.C., United States
Resting placeOak Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
NationalityAmerican
Spouse(s)Ellen Swan
Children4
ParentsFrancis Scott Key
Mary Tayloe Lloyd
OccupationLawyer

Biography
Coat of Arms of Philip Barton Key II

Born in Georgetown, D.C., Key was the son of Francis Scott Key[4][5] and the great-nephew of Philip Barton Key. He was also a nephew of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney.[4][5] He married Ellen Swan, the daughter of a Baltimore attorney, on November 18, 1845.[1] Allegedly the handsomest man in Washington[6] and by 1859 a widower with four children, Key was known to be flirtatious with many women.[7][lower-alpha 1]

Harper's Weekly engraving of Daniel Sickles shooting Key

Key was appointed to his father's former position, United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, by President Pierce in September 1853,[8] during a recess of the Senate;[9] the Senate later confirmed his nomination in March 1854.[10] Four years later, he was nominated,[11] and confirmed again,[12] for another four-year term; thus, he would serve until his death.

Harper's Weekly engraving of Mrs. Sickles from a photograph of Mathew Brady

Some time in the spring of 1858, Teresa Sickles began an affair with Key.[2] Dan Sickles, though a serial adulterer himself, had accused his much-younger wife of adultery several times during their five-year marriage, but she had repeatedly denied it to his satisfaction.[4] But then Sickles received a poison pen letter[13] informing him of his wife's affair with Key.[14][2][4] He confronted his wife, who confessed to the affair.[2] Sickles then made his wife write out her confession on paper.[15]

Sickles saw Key sitting on a bench outside the Sickles home on February 27, 1859, signalling to Teresa, and confronted him.[16][2][4][15] Sickles rushed outside into Lafayette Square, cried "Key, you scoundrel, you have dishonored my home; you must die",[17] and with a pistol repeatedly shot the unarmed Key.[2][4]

Death

Key was taken into the nearby Benjamin Ogle Tayloe House, where he died some time later.[18]

Sickles was acquitted on the basis of temporary insanity, a crime of passion, in one of the most controversial trials of the 19th century.[19] It was the first successful use of the defense in the United States.[20] One of Sickles' attorneys, Edwin Stanton, later became the Secretary of War. Newspapers declared Sickles a hero for "saving" women from Key.[20] Years later, while attending the theater in New York City, Sickles became aware of the presence of Key's son, James Key, in the audience; both men watched each other throughout the performance. Nothing happened.[21]

Key is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, with a dedicatory in his son-in-law's family plot in Westminster Hall and Burying Ground in Baltimore.[22]

Notes
  1. Before he married Ellen Swan, Key had been engaged to Virginia Timberlake, a daughter of Peggy Eaton, the center of the Petticoat affair that bedeviled the cabinet of President Andrew Jackson. One of Key's great-granddaughters was the 1960s style icon Pauline de Rothschild.
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References
  1. Richardson, Hester Dorsey. Side-Lights on Maryland History: With Sketches of Early Maryland Families. Baltimore, Md.: Williams and Wilkins company, 1913.
  2. Gallagher, Gary W. Three Days at Gettysburg: Essays on Confederate and Union Leadership. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-87338-629-9
  3. Spiegel, Allen D. Murder and Madness: Military Matters and Managed Medicine: Memorable Milestones and Moments. Charleston, S.C.: Heritage Books, 2007. ISBN 0-7884-4079-9; Wylie, Paul R. The Irish General: Thomas Francis Meagher. Stillwater, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007. ISBN 0-8061-3847-5
  4. Walther, Eric H. The Shattering of the Union: America in the 1850s. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004. ISBN 0-8420-2799-8
  5. Flower, Frank Abial. Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of Rebellion, Emancipation, and Reconstruction. New York: W.W. Wilson, 1905.
  6. Taylor, John M. William Henry Seward: Lincoln's Right Hand. New York: Brassey's, 1996. ISBN 1-57488-119-1
  7. Goode, James M. Capital Losses: A Cultural History of Washington's Destroyed Buildings. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981. ISBN 0-87474-479-2
  8. "From Washington". The Times-Picayune. September 16, 1853. p. 2. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  9. "Senate Executive Journal --THURSDAY, February 2, 1854". memory.loc.gov. February 2, 1854. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  10. "Senate Executive Journal --TUESDAY, March 14, 1854". memory.loc.gov. March 14, 1854. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  11. "Senate Executive Journal --WEDNESDAY, March 24, 1858". memory.loc.gov. March 24, 1858. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  12. "Senate Executive Journal --TUESDAY, March 30, 1858". memory.loc.gov. March 30, 1858. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  13. from assumption.edu Archived 2006-09-14 at the Wayback Machine "The stories told how Sickles had received an anonymous letter on Thursday, February 24th, informing him of his wife's relationship with Key."
  14. The anonymous letter was reproduced in Harper's: Letter image
  15. Hartog, Hendrik. Man and Wife in America: A History. Reprint ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-674-00811-1
  16. Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, Calif.: Savas Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-882810-30-9. p. 62.
  17. Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of Rebellion, Emancipation, and Reconstruction, 1905, p. 73.
  18. Smith, Hal H. "Historic Washington Homes." Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington. 1908.
  19. Twain, Mark (2010). The Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume One. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 566. ISBN 978-0-520-26719-0.
  20. "Crime History", The Washington Examiner, Feb. 27, 2012, p. 8.
  21. Brandt, Nat. The Congressman Who Got Away With Murder. Syracuse, N.Y.: University of Syracuse Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8156-0251-0. p. 213.
  22. Murder of the U.S. Attorney
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