Phaedon Avouris

Phaedon Avouris (Greek: Φαίδων Αβούρης; born 1945) is a Greek chemical physicist. He is an IBM Fellow and the group leader for Nanometer Scale Science and Technology at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York.[1]

Education and research interests

Avouris received his B.Sc. degree at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, and his Ph.D. degree in Physical Chemistry at Michigan State University in 1974. He did postdoctoral work at UCLA, and was a Research Fellow at AT&T Bell Laboratories before joining the staff of IBM’s Research Division at the Watson Research Center in 1978. In 1984, he became manager of Chemical Physics, and in 2004, he was elected an IBM Fellow. He is currently Manager of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.[2] He has also been an adjunct professor at Columbia University and the University of Illinois.

Over the years, his research has involved such areas as laser spectroscopy, surface physics and chemistry, scanning tunneling microscopy, atom manipulation, and nanoelectronics. His current research is focused on experimental and theoretical studies of the electrical, optical, and optoelectronic properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene. The work includes the design, fabrication, and study of nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices and circuits. He has published over 360 scientific papers on these subjects.

Research activities

Avouris has been a trailblazer in the nanoscience and nanotechnology field. He pioneered the use of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to study surface chemistry on the atomic scale, and establish the relation between chemical reactivity and local electronic structure.[3][4] He demonstrated device-like behavior on the atomic scale, observed electron confinement and interference effects at surfaces.[5][6] He also manipulated covalently bonded atoms with atomic precision.[7][8] More recently, Avouris has made critical discoveries, both experimental and theoretical, on the electronics and photonics of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and has laid the foundations of future carbon-based nanotechnology.[9][10][11]

In 1998 Avouris’ team at IBM independently demonstrated the very first molecular transistor based on a single CNT. Subsequently, he optimized the design and performance of the CNT field-effect transistors, enabling them to outperform silicon devices. Avouris and co-workers then produced the first CNT logic-gates and integrated circuits based on CNTs. They showed that transport in CNTs is controlled by Schottky barriers, found ways to dope CNTs, and analyzed the role of inelastic phonon scattering. Avouris and his group demonstrated, for the first time, electrically generated light emission and photoconductivity from CNTs, and analyzed theoretically the properties of CNT excitons. He studied in detail the mechanisms of photo- and current-induced excitation of these one-dimensional systems and opened up the possibility of a unified electronic and optoelectronic technology based on the same carbon materials.

Awards and Honors
  • Fellow of the American Physical Society (1987)
  • Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1996)
  • Fellow of the American Vacuum Society (1997)
  • Medard W. Welch Award of the American Vacuum Society (1997)[12]
  • Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences (1999)
  • Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology (Experimental) of the Foresight Nanotech Institute (1999)[13]
  • Michigan State University’s Distinguished Alumnus Award (2001).[14]
  • Nanoscience Prize at the International Conference on Atomically Controlled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN) (2001)
  • Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2003)[15]
  • Irving Langmuir Prize for Chemical Physics (2003),[16]
  • Fellow of the IBM Academy of Technology (2004)
  • Fellow of the Institute of Physics (2004)
  • Nominee for the 2004 Nobel prize in Physics
  • Corresponding Member of the Academy of Athens(2005)
  • Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics of the Editors of Applied Physics A, Applied Physics B. (2008 with Tony Heinz) [17]
  • The David Turnbull Lectureship Award (2011) for his development of nanoscience and nanotechnology through research, publications, lecturing and mentoring: in particular, for his work on carbon nanotubes, graphene and semiconductor surfaces, imaging and measuring their electronic structure and properties; modifying them chemically and physically using scanning probe techniques; and incorporating them into advanced electronic and photonic devices".[18]

Bibliography
  • R. Wolkow & Ph. Avouris (1988). "Atom-Resolved Surface Chemistry Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy". Physical Review Letters. 60 (11): 5091. Bibcode:1988PhRvL..60.1049W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1049. PMID 10037928.
  • Ph. Avouris & R. Wolkow (1989). "Atom-Resolved Surface Chemistry Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy". Physical Review B. 39 (8): 5091–5100. Bibcode:1989PhRvB..39.5091A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.39.5091. PMID 9948897.
  • Y. Hasegawa & Ph. Avouris (1993). "Direct Observation of Standing Wave Formation at Surface Steps Using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy". Physical Review Letters. 71 (7): 1071–1074. Bibcode:1993PhRvL..71.1071H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1071. PMID 10055441.
  • Ph. Avouris & I.-W. Lyo (1994). "Observation of Quantum Size Effects at Room Temperature at Metal Surfaces with the STM". Science. 264 (5161): 942–5. Bibcode:1994Sci...264..942A. doi:10.1126/science.264.5161.942. PMID 17830080.
  • I.-W. Lyo & Ph. Avouris (1991). "Field-Induced Nanometer- to Atomic-Scale Manipulation of Silicon Surfaces with the STM". Science. 253 (5016): 173–6. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..173L. doi:10.1126/science.253.5016.173. PMID 17779133.*Ph. Avouris (1995). "Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels". Accounts of Chemical Research. 28 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1021/ar00051a002.
  • Ph. Avouris (2007). "Electronics with carbon nanotubes". Physics World. 20 (3): 40–45. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/20/3/32.
  • Ph. Avouris; Z. Chen; V. Perebeinos (2007). "Carbon Based Electronics". Nature Nanotechnology. 2 (10): 605–615. Bibcode:2007NatNa...2..605A. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.300. PMID 18654384.
  • Ph. Avouris, M. Freitag & V. Perebeinos (2008). "Carbon Nanotube Optics and Optoelectronics". Nature Photonics. 2 (6): 341–350. Bibcode:2008NaPho...2..341A. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2008.94.
gollark: Wikipedia's got an explanation, actually.
gollark: I duckduckgoed "ferrite clips" and there seem to be some relevant-looking results.
gollark: <:illum:531316942443642880>
gollark: `(input - 22) * 56` or something, to change 22-40 to 0-1024-ish.
gollark: The (a) lazy way would probably just be to make the code on the Arduino rescale the values a bit so they fill the whole expected range.

References
  1. "Nanoscale science and technology group". IBM. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-09-11. Retrieved 2006-01-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. R. Wolkow & Ph. Avouris (1988). "Atom-Resolved Surface Chemistry Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy". Physical Review Letters. 60 (11): 1049–1052. Bibcode:1988PhRvL..60.1049W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1049. PMID 10037928.
  4. Ph. Avouris & R. Wolkow (1989). "Atom-Resolved Surface Chemistry Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy". Physical Review B. 39 (8): 5091–5100. Bibcode:1989PhRvB..39.5091A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.39.5091. PMID 9948897.
  5. Y. Hasegawa & Ph. Avouris (1993). "Direct Observation of Standing Wave Formation at Surface Steps Using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy". Physical Review Letters. 71 (7): 1071–1074. Bibcode:1993PhRvL..71.1071H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1071. PMID 10055441.
  6. Ph. Avouris & I.-W. Lyo (1994). "Observation of Quantum Size Effects at Room Temperature at Metal Surfaces with the STM". Science. 264 (5161): 942–5. Bibcode:1994Sci...264..942A. doi:10.1126/science.264.5161.942. PMID 17830080.
  7. I.-W. Lyo & Ph. Avouris (1991). "Field-Induced Nanometer- to Atomic-Scale Manipulation of Silicon Surfaces with the STM". Science. 253 (5016): 173–6. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..173L. doi:10.1126/science.253.5016.173. PMID 17779133.
  8. Ph. Avouris (1995). "Manipulation of Matter at the Atomic and Molecular Levels". Accounts of Chemical Research. 28 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1021/ar00051a002.
  9. Ph. Avouris (2007). "Electronics with carbon nanotubes". Physics World. 20 (3): 40–45. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/20/3/32.
  10. Ph. Avouris; Z. Chen; V. Perebeinos (2007). "Carbon Based Electronics". Nature Nanotechnology. 2 (10): 605–615. Bibcode:2007NatNa...2..605A. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.300. PMID 18654384.
  11. Ph. Avouris, M. Freitag & V. Perebeinos (2008). "Carbon Nanotube Optics and Optoelectronics". Nature Photonics. 2 (6): 341–350. Bibcode:2008NaPho...2..341A. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2008.94.
  12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2008-09-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. "1999 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology". Foresight Institute. Archived from the original on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  14. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2008-09-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  17. "Carbon nanostructures form the future of electronics and optoelectronics". Eureka Alert. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  18. "David Turnbull Lectureship". www.mrs.org. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
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