Peter Wittgenstein

Full name
	Louis Adolph Peter; German: Ludwig Adolf Peter

Peter
Peter
	1st Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg
	Portrait by George Dawe
Born	17 January [O.S. 6] 1769; Pereiaslav, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	11 June 1843; Lemburg, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire
Spouse	Antonia Cäcilie Snarska (m. after 1798)
Issue	Prince Ludwig; Prince Stanisalus; Princess Emilie; Prince Alexander; Prince Peter; Prince Georg; Prince Alexei; Prince Nikolaus; Princess Maria; Princess Elizabeth; Princess Antonia;
Full name
	Louis Adolph Peter; German: Ludwig Adolf Peter
House	Sayn-Wittgenstein
Father	Christian Louis Casimir, 2nd Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg
Mother	Countess Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein
Religion	Lutheranism
	Military career
Allegiance	Russian Empire
Service/branch	Cavalry
Years of service	1789 – 1829
Rank	General-Field Marshal
Battles/wars	Kościuszko Uprising; Persian Expedition of 1796 Storming of Derbent; Napoleonic wars War of the Third Coalition Battle of Amstetten; Battle of Dürenstein; ; Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812); War of the Fourth Coalition; Russian Campaign Battle of Klyastitsy; First Battle of Polotsk; Second Battle of Polotsk; Battle of Chashniki; Battle of Smoliani; Battle of Berezina; ; War of the Sixth Coalition Battle of Lützen; Battle of Bautzen; Battle of Dresden; Battle of Bar-sur-Aube; ; Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)

Louis Adolph Peter, 1st Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg (German: Ludwig Adolf Peter Fürst[1] zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg; Russian: Пётр Христиа́нович Ви́тгенштейн, tr. Pëtr Christiánovič Vítgenštejn; 17 January [O.S. 6 January] 1769 – 11 June 1843), better known as Peter Wittgenstein in English, was a Prince of the German dynasty Sayn-Wittgenstein and Field Marshal in the Imperial Russian Army during the Napoleonic wars.

Early Life

Born Ludwig Adolf Peter Graf zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg, he was descended from a family of ruling German Counts whose seat was in Berleburg (present day North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). His parents were Count Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his first wife Countess Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein.

Military career

Enrolled as a sergeant in the Semyonovsky Regiment of the Imperial Russian Army at the age of 12 in 1781, Wittgenstein began actual military service as a Wachtmeister in the Life Guard Horse Regiment in 1789. In 1793 he gained promotion to Major in the Ukrainian light cavalry regiment. He fought with the unit in the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794. Promoted to the rank of colonel in 1798, and to major general in 1799, in 1800 he took command of the Mariupolski Hussars Regiment.

In 1805 he fought at Austerlitz, in 1806 against the Turks, and in 1807 against Napoleon at Friedland and against the Swedes in Finland.

In the war of 1812 he commanded the right wing of the Russian Army in the First and Second battle of Polotsk. This fighting decided the fate of Saint Petersburg and earned Wittgenstein the title of "Saviour of Saint-Petersburg".[2] Emperor Alexander I of Russia awarded him the Order of St. George. He tried to combine with Pavel Chichagov at the Battle of Berezina (November 1812), and later combined with the Prussian army corps under Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg.

In the campaign of 1813 in January he took over the command of the Russian army after Kutuzov's death in April 1813, and commanded the Russian army at Lützen and Bautzen. But after the defeats of the Spring campaign, he laid down this command and led an army corps during the Battle of Dresden (August 1813) and the Battle of Leipzig (October 1813).

In the campaign of 1814 he led the 6th Corps under Schwarzenberg, and was severely wounded at Bar-sur-Aube (27 February 1814).[3]

In 1823 he was promoted Field Marshal, and in 1828 he was appointed to command the Russian army in the war against Turkey. But ill-health soon obliged him to retire. In 1834 King Frederick William III of Prussia granted him the title of Fürst (Prince) zu Sayn-Wittgenstein.[4]

Family

On 27 June 1798 he married Countess Antonia Cäcilie Snarska and had in this marriage 11 children. He died on 11 June 1843 in Lemberg, where he looked after estates of his son Ludwig.

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gollark: Filesystems not doing things atomically causes so many problems.

gollark: Well, that seems like a neat idea.

gollark: For ages it didn't even show virtual files in `fs.list` output.

References

Regarding personal names: Fürst is a title, translated as Prince, not a first or middle name. The feminine form is Fürstin.
Peter Khristianovich Napoleon.org
http://www.napoleonsims.com/people/people.htm
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wittgenstein, Ludwig Adolf Peter, Count". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

External links

Media related to Wittgenstein Pyotr Christianowitsch at Wikimedia Commons

Kamenka, Wittgenstein's paradise

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[1] Regarding personal names: Fürst is a title, translated as Prince, not a first or middle name. The feminine form is Fürstin.

[2] Peter Khristianovich Napoleon.org

[3] ttp://www.napoleonsims.com/people/people.htm

[eb1911-4] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wittgenstein, Ludwig Adolf Peter, Count". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.