Peruvian Segunda División
The Liga 2 (Ligue 2) of Peru is the second-highest division in the Peruvian football league system. It is a professional and promotional division organized by the Peruvian Football Federation. After years of changing numbers of clubs, as of 2020 the league includes 10 clubs.
| Founded | 1943 |
|---|---|
| Country | Peru |
| Number of teams | 10 |
| Level on pyramid | 2 |
| Promotion to |  |
| Relegation to |  |
| Domestic cup(s) | Copa Bicentenario |
| Current champions | Cienciano (2019) |
| Most championships | Unión Huaral (4) |
| TV partners |  |
| Website | www.adfp-sd.com |
 | |
History
The format of the Second Division has changed over the years. For decades after it was first formed in 1936, only clubs from the Department of Lima participated in the annual tournament. The winner was promoted to the Primera Division Peruana (First Division), the professional league.
- 1988-1990, the winner was promoted to the Regional Metropolitan League (Torneo Metropolitano Regional).
- 1991, there was no promotion because the First Division was undergoing major changes.
- 1992, the format changed again. This time the winner of the tournament would play against the winners of the northern, southern and central regions in order to be promoted.
- 1993-1997, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used.
- 1998, the winner of the Second Division played a game against the second-to-last placed club of the First Division, to determine which would be in the First Division.
- 1999-2003, the former system of promotion and relegation was used.
- 2004-2008, a new format was adopted, in which the winner and runner-up of the Second Division would play in the Round of 16 of the Copa Perú.
- 2009, the winner of the tournament was promoted to the First Division, while the last team was relegated from the tournament and played in the 2010 edition of the Copa Perú. Their places were taken by the two relegated clubs of the First Division, and the team that finished in third place in the 2009 Copa Perú.
- 2010, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used. Two teams left the tournament before its start which reduced the number of teams participating back to ten.
- 2011, Ten teams played a home and way tournament and split the second half into two groups, the top five teams from the previous stage decided the Champion while the bottom five fought against relegation.
- 2012, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used. Two teams left the tournament before its start which reduced the number of teams to ten and automatically relegated them to the 2013 edition of the Copa Peru.
- 2013, the leagues was expanded to 16 teams. A rigorous financial stability check was implemented which only 14 teams passed. Two teams were relegated to the 2014 edition of the Copa Peru.
Competition format and sponsorship
Since 2006, the winner of the tournament is promoted to the First Division, while the last two teams are relegated from the tournament to the Departamental Stage of the Copa Perú. Their places are taken by the two relegated clubs from the First Division, and the team that finishes second place in the Copa Perú.
Sponsorship
The Peruvian Segunda División is sponsored by Best Cable Perú, a local cable company, hence the name Copa Best Cable Perú. They have had exclusive broadcasting rights.
Criticisms
The Segunda División has received numerous criticisms, chiefly due to the lack of stability in the process of competition and promotion, and the lack of professionalism.[1]
Team count
The Segunda División has changed the number of teams that operate in the league several times. Over the course of 74 years, the Segunda has had as few as four teams and as many as 16. The early Segunda División were played with an average number of teams ranging from 4 to 10. Prior to the current 12-club Segunda División, during the 2000s, the team count continued to fluctuate between 10, 12, 14, 16 and even a surprising 13. For example, 12 teams competed in 2009, 10 competed in 2008, 11 competed in 2007, and 12 teams competed from 2004-2006. The over-all goal of the organization is to have a stable league of 16 teams.
Artificial turf
Several stadiums used in the second division have artificial grass installed for the so-called massification of sport.[2] Most stadiums in Peru are owned by the IPD (Instituto Peruano del Deporte), which is the state group responsible for supporting the use of artificial turf. This has been severely criticized by top division teams and the media. At first, these artificial turfs were installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Cup; however, more artificial turf was installed in other stadiums after the U-17 World Cup concluded.[3] These turfs are criticized for having a negative influence on the game and for the injuries which they cause to players.
Clubs
Currently, 10 clubs participate in the Segunda División. There are currently no teams from the Lima Metropolitan area with all clubs representing cities from the country's interior. The number of clubs has fluctuated season by season from 10 to 16 teams participating in the tournament.
Ciclista Lima, Unión Huaral, Deportivo Municipal, Guardia Republicana, Mariscal Sucre, Unión Callao, Telmo Carbajo, Sport Boys, Unión Gonzáles Prada, and Carlos Concha trail behind with 3 titles. Universidad César Vallejo, Total Clean, Cobresol, José Gálvez, Los Caimanes, and Comerciantes Unidos are the only clubs outside the metropolitan area of Lima to have won a Segunda Division championship. In addition, Alianza Lima, Atlético Chalaco, Centro Iqueño, Defensor Lima, Municipal, Mariscal Sucre, San Agustín, Sport Boys, and Unión Huaral are the only teams that have been champions of the First and Second Division.
Since the Second Division began at the national level in 2006, 20 of the 25 regions have had representative teams in the Second Division. The only five regions to never had a representative are Amazonas, Huancavelica, Madre de Dios, Pasco, and Tumbes.
Stadia and Locations
Pirata
| Team | City | Stadium[4] | Capacity[5] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alianza Atlético | Sullana | Campeones del 36 | 5,000 |
| Chavelines Juniors | Pacasmayo | Carlos A. Olivares | 2,000 |
| Comerciantes Unidos | Cutervo | Juan Maldonado Gamarra | 12,000 |
| Cultural Santa Rosa | Andahuaylas | Monumental de Condebamba | 10,000 |
| Deportivo Coopsol | San Vicente de Cañete | Roberto Yáñez | 5,000 |
| Juan Aurich | Chiclayo | Municipal de la Juventud | 2,000 |
| Pirata | Olmos | Francisco Mendoza Pizarro | 5,000 |
| Santos | Nasca | José Picasso Peratta | 8,000 |
| Unión Comercio | Nueva Cajamarca | IPD de Moyobamba | 12,000 |
| Unión Huaral | Huaral | Julio Lores Colan | 10,000 |
Champions
Peruvian Segunda División had amateur status since its foundation until 1987. In the course of this era, Telmo Carbajo, Ciclista Lima, Unión Callao, Carlos Concha and Mariscal Sucre shared the most titles. The first run from 1936 to 1987 featured clubs only from Lima and Callao. In 1988 the league obtained professional status and in 2006 expanded the league to the entire nation, beginning the Segunda División Nacional.
Segunda División (1912–1921)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1912 | Atlético Grau No. 1 | Unión Miraflores | Sport José Gálvez |
| 1913 | Sporting Fry | Atlético Peruano | |
| 1914 | Unión Miraflores | Sport José Gálvez | |
| 1915 | Juan Bielovucic | Jorge Chávez | |
| 1916 | Sportivo Tarapacá Ferrocarril | Unión Perú | Escuela de Artes y Oficios |
| 1917 | Sport Vitarte | Sport Progreso | Sportivo Lima |
| 1918 | Sport José Gálvez | Sport Calavera | Sport Huáscar |
| 1919 | |||
| 1920 | Juan Bielovucic | Unión Barranco | |
| 1921 | |||
División Intermedia (1922–1934)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 | |||
| 1923 | |||
| 1924 | |||
| 1925 | |||
| 1926 | Association Alianza | Ciclista Lima | Fraternal Barranco |
| 1927 Primera Serie | Sportivo Unión | Alberto Secada | Lawn Tennis |
| 1927 Segunda Serie | Alianza Callao | Jorge Chávez (C) | Santa Catalina |
| 1927 Tercera Serie | Alianza Chorrillos | Jorge Washington | José Olaya |
| 1928 | Sporting Tabaco | Hidroaviación | Deportivo Nacional |
| 1929 | Lawn Tennis | Association Alianza | Alberto Secada |
| 1930 | Atlético Frigorífico | Alianza Cóndor | |
| 1931 | Sport Progreso | ||
| 1932 | Sucre | Sport Boys | Hidroaviación |
| 1933 | Unión Carbone | Association Alianza | Hidroaviación |
| 1934 | Sport Progreso | Sportivo Melgar | Santiago Barranco |
Primera División B (1935)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1935 | Sporting Tabaco | Unión Carbone | Ciclista Lima |
Liga del Callao (1935)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1935 | Atlético Chalaco | Telmo Carbajo | Progresista Apurímac |
Primera División Unificada de Lima y Callao (1936–1938)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1936 | Deportivo Municipal | Sportivo Melgar | Atlético Córdova |
| 1937 | Ciclista Lima | Progresista Apurímac | Unión Carbone |
| 1938 | Atlético Córdova | Centro Iqueño | Sportivo Melgar |
Ascenso a la División de Honor de Lima y Callao (1939–1941)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1939 Liga de Lima | Alianza Lima | Centro Iqueño | Atlético Lusitania |
| 1939 Liga del Callao | Social San Carlos | Telmo Carbajo | Jorge Chávez (C) |
| 1940 Liga del Lima | Santiago Barranco | Centro Iqueño | |
| 1940 Liga del Callao | Telmo Carbajo | ||
| 1941 | Santiago Barranco | Centro Iqueño | Ciclista Lima |
| 1942 | Progresista Apurímac | Ciclista Lima | Unión Carbone |
Segunda División Metropolitana (1943–1987)
Segunda División Metropolitana Profesional (1988–2005)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Defensor Lima | Juventud La Palma | Sport Boys |
| 1989 | Sport Boys | Juventud La Palma | Guardia Republicana |
| 1990 | Hijos de Yurimaguas | Walter Ormeño | Juventud La Palma |
| 1991 | Enrique Lau Chun | Deportivo Zúñiga | Guardia Republicana |
| 1992 | Unión Huaral | Ciclista Lima | Guardia Republicana |
| 1993 | Ciclista Lima | Guardia Republicana | Alcides Vigo |
| 1994 | Unión Huaral | Hijos de Yurimaguas | Deportivo Zúñiga |
| 1995 | Guardia Republicana | Deportivo Zúñiga | Lawn Tennis |
| 1996 | Alcides Vigo | Hijos de Yurimaguas | Unión Huaral |
| 1997 | Lawn Tennis | Bella Esperanza | Hijos de Yurimaguas |
| 1998 | Hijos de Yurimaguas | Alcides Vigo | AELU |
| 1999 | América Cochahuayco | Sporting Cristal B | Alcides Vigo |
| 2000 | Deportivo Aviación | Alcides Vigo | Hijos de Yurimaguas |
| 2001 | Alcides Vigo | AELU | Bella Esperanza |
| 2002 | Unión Huaral | Defensor Villa del Mar | Sporting Cristal B |
| 2003 | Sport Coopsol | Sporting Cristal B | Olímpico Somos Perú |
| 2004 | Olimpico Aurora | Deportivo Municipal | Unión de Campeones |
| 2005 | Olimpico Aurora | Deportivo Aviación | Deportivo Municipal |
Segunda División Nacional (2006–2018)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Deportivo Municipal | Universidad San Marcos | Deportivo Aviación |
| 2007 | Universidad César Vallejo | Atlético Minero | UTC |
| 2008 | Total Clean | Inti Gas | Sport Águila |
| 2009 | Sport Boys | Cobresol | Deportivo Coopsol |
| 2010 | Cobresol | Sport Áncash | Hijos de Acosvinchos |
| 2011 | José Gálvez | Deportivo Coopsol | Alianza Unicachi |
| 2012 | Pacífico | Deportivo Coopsol | Los Caimanes |
| 2013 | Los Caimanes | Alfonso Ugarte | Atlético Torino |
| 2014 | Deportivo Municipal | Deportivo Coopsol | Carlos A. Mannucci |
| 2015 | Comerciantes Unidos | Los Caimanes | Atlético Torino |
| 2016 | Cantolao | Sport Ancash | Cienciano |
| 2017 | Sport Boys | Universidad César Vallejo | Hualgayoc |
| 2018 | Universidad César Vallejo | Carlos A. Mannucci | Cienciano |
Liga 2 (2019–present)
| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Cienciano | Alianza Atlético | Juan Aurich |
| 2020 | |||
Titles by club
| Club | Winners | Runners-up | Winning years | Runners-up years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unión Huaral | 4 | 0 | 1973, 1992, 1994, 2002 | — |
| Carlos Concha | 3 | 3 | 1953, 1955, 1963 | 1957, 1960, 1962 |
| Ciclista Lima | 3 | 2 | 1944, 1946, 1993 | 1949, 1992 |
| Deportivo Municipal | 3 | 1 | 1968, 2006, 2014 | 2004 |
| Guardia Republicana | 3 | 1 | 1985, 1987, 1995 | 1993 |
| Mariscal Sucre | 3 | 1 | 1959, 1962, 1965 | 1969 |
| Telmo Carbajo | 3 | 1 | 1936, 1940, 1943 | 1944 |
| Unión Callao | 3 | 1 | 1950, 1952, 1954 | 1946 |
| Sport Boys | 3 | 0 | 1989, 2009, 2017 | — |
| Unión Gonzáles Prada | 3 | 0 | 1980, 1982, 1983 | — |
| Porvenir Miraflores | 2 | 6 | 1956, 1966 | 1952, 1955, 1958, 1963, 1964, 1972 |
| Santiago Barranco | 2 | 3 | 1941, 1945 | 1940, 1947, 1948 |
| Alcides Vigo | 2 | 2 | 1996, 2001 | 1998, 2000 |
| Hijos de Yurimaguas | 2 | 2 | 1990, 1998 | 1994, 1996 |
| KDT Nacional | 2 | 2 | 1961, 1967 | 1954, 1959 |
| Defensor Lima | 2 | 1 | 1960, 1988 | 1980 |
| Olímpico Aurora | 2 | 1 | 2004, 2005 | 2008 |
| Universidad César Vallejo | 2 | 1 | 2007, 2018 | 2017 |
| SIMA | 2 | 0 | 1969, 1971 | — |
| Jorge Chávez (C) | 2 | 0 | 1947, 1949 | — |
| AELU | 1 | 3 | 1987 | 1984, 1986, 2001 |
| Centro Iqueño | 1 | 3 | 1948 | 1939, 1941, 1970 |
| Juventud La Palma | 1 | 3 | 1981 | 1983, 1988, 1989 |
| Association Chorrillos | 1 | 2 | 1951 | 1950, 1961 |
| ADO | 1 | 1 | 1970 | 1968 |
| Atlético Chalaco | 1 | 1 | 1972 | 1971 |
| Cobresol | 1 | 1 | 2010 | 2009 |
| Deportivo Aviación | 1 | 1 | 2000 | 2005 |
| Los Caimanes | 1 | 1 | 2013 | 2015 |
| Unión América | 1 | 1 | 1958 | 1956 |
| Alianza Lima | 1 | 0 | 1939 | — |
| América Cochahuayco | 1 | 0 | 1999 | — |
| Cantolao | 1 | 0 | 2016 | — |
| Cienciano | 1 | 0 | 2019 | — |
| Comerciantes Unidos | 1 | 0 | 2015 | — |
| Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos | 1 | 0 | 1975 | — |
| Defensor Arica | 1 | 0 | 1964 | — |
| Enrique Lau Chun | 1 | 0 | 1991 | — |
| Internazionale | 1 | 0 | 1986 | — |
| José Gálvez | 1 | 0 | 2011 | — |
| Lawn Tennis | 1 | 0 | 1997 | — |
| Mariscal Castilla | 1 | 0 | 1957 | — |
| Pacífico | 1 | 0 | 2012 | — |
| San Agustín | 1 | 0 | 1984 | — |
| Sport Coopsol | 1 | 0 | 2003 | — |
| Total Clean | 1 | 0 | 2008 | — |
Titles by region
| Region | Nº of titles | Clubs |
|---|---|---|
| Lima | 46 | Ciclista Lima (4), Unión Huaral (4), Deportivo Municipal (3), Guardia Republicana (3), Mariscal Sucre (3), Unión Gonzáles Prada (3), Alcides Vigo (2), Defensor Lima (2), Olímpico Aurora (2), Porvenir Miraflores (2), Alianza Lima (1), América Cochahuayco (1), AELU (1), Association Chorrillos (1), Centro Iqueño (1), Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos (1), Defensor Arica (1), Deportivo Aviación (1), Enrique Lau Chun (1), Juventud La Palma (1), Lawn Tennis (1), Mariscal Castilla (1), Pacífico (1), San Agustín (1), Santiago Barranco (1), Sport Coopsol (1), Internazionale (1), Unión América (1) |
| Callao | 23 | Carlos Concha (3), Telmo Carbajo (3), Unión Callao (3), Sport Boys (3), Hijos de Yurimaguas (2), Jorge Chávez (C) (2), KDT Nacional (2), SIMA (2), Atlético Chalaco (1), ADO (1), Cantolao (1) |
| La Libertad | 2 | Universidad César Vallejo (2) |
| Ancash | 1 | José Gálvez (1) |
| Arequipa | 1 | Total Clean (1) |
| Cajamarca | 1 | Comerciantes Unidos (1) |
| Cusco | 1 | Cienciano (1) |
| Lambayeque | 1 | Los Caimanes (1) |
| Moquegua | 1 | Cobresol (1) |
See also
References
- Becker, Wolfy (6 March 2007). "The dreadful situation of Peruvian football". Wolfy Becker. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- "Woodman: "No habrá cambio de césped en el Elías Aguirre"" [There will not be changes to the field in the Elías Aguirre] (in Spanish). Peru.com. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
Agregó que de ninguna manera se cambiara el césped sintético a los demás estadios del país que tienen este tipo de gramado. 'Nosotros estamos para masificar el deporte y el pasto sintético es un tema apoyado por la FIFA.... Además sí se puede jugar al fútbol, como se juega en todos lados' subrayó Woodman.
- "Three Companies re-sign agreement". FIFA. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
Polytan Sportstättenbau GmbH, the German-based company, won the tender for installing 4 fields in Peru, all of which were used for the FIFA U-17 World Championship Peru 2005. This was the first time a FIFA Final tournament was played entirely on artificial turf.
- Most stadiums are owned by the Instituto Peruano del Deporte (IPD).
- "Peru". fussballtempel.net. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
External links
- FPF Official Federation Website
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