Perieres of Messenia

In Greek mythology, Perieres (Ancient Greek: Περιήρης) was King of Messene, an ancient polis in southern Peloponnese.

For other uses, see Perieres.
Perieres
King of Messene
SpouseGorgophone
IssueAphareus
Leucippus
Icarius
Tyndareus
FatherAeolus
MotherEnarete

Biography

His parentage and offspring vary across ancient authors; in most sources, however, he was a son of Aeolus[1][2] and Enarete,[3] and husband of Gorgophone, daughter of the famous Perseus.

The Bibliotheca mentions two different versions of Perieres' lineage, without deciding between them: (1) he could be a son of Cynortas, husband of Gorgophone and father of Tyndareus, Icarius, Aphareus and Leucippus[4], or (2) he could be a son of Aeolus and father of only two sons by Gorgophone, Aphareus and Leucippus. In this case Tyndareus and Icarius, along with Hippocoon and Arene, would be sons of Oebalus, son of another Perieres, son of Cynortas, their mother being the nymph Bateia.[5] In addition, Polydora and Borus were also called his children.[6]

According to Pausanias, Gorgophone, the daughter of Perseus, was one of the first women who married twice.[7] She first married Perieres, King of Messene, son of Aeolus, and had by him sons Leucippus and Aphareus. After Perieres' death she married Oebalus, king of Sparta, son of Cynortas, and had by him Tyndareus, Icarius and Arene.

Finally, in Pausanias’ account, Hippocoon was Oebalus’ eldest natural son, his mother being Batea (or, according to scholiasts on Euripides and Homer, Hippocoon’s mother was called Nicostrate[8][9]). According to scholia on Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica, he was the father of a certain Deidameia,[10] who was the mother of Iphiclus (one of the Argonauts), Althaea and Leda by Thestius, son of Ares and Demonice. Pisus, son of Aphareus and founder of Pisa in Elis, in some versions of the myth, was one of Perieres' children.

According to Hesiod, Halirrhotius was also called the son of Perieres.[11]

Comparative table of Perieres' family
Relation Name Sources
Homer Hesiod Isocrates Apollon. Apollodorus Pausanias Tzetzes
Iliad Ehoiai Sch. Arg. Lycoph.
Parents Aeolus ✓ ✓ ✓
Aeolus and Enarete ✓
Cynortas ✓ ✓
Wife Gorgophone ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Children Borus ✓ ✓
Halirrhothius ✓
Leucippus ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Tyndareus ✓ ✓ ✓
Deidameia ✓
Aphareus ✓ ✓ ✓
Icarius ✓ ✓
Oebalus ✓
Polydora ✓
Pisus ✓

Notes
  1. E.g. the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women fr. 10(a).
  2. Tzetzes on Lycophron, 284
  3. Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 1.7.3
  4. Tzetzes on Lycophron, 511
  5. Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 3.10.3
  6. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.13.1 & 4
  7. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2. 15-28
  8. Scholiast on Euripides, Orestes 457
  9. Scholiast on Homer, Iliad 2.581
  10. Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 201
  11. Scholia on Pindar. Olympian Ode 10.83 quoted in Hesiod. Catalogue of Women, fr.64
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References
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