Icarius (Spartan)

In Greek mythology, Icarius (/ɪˈkɛəriəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἰκάριος Ikários) was a Spartan prince.

For other uses, see Icarius.

Family

Icarius was the son of either Perieres and Gorgophone[1][2] or of Oebalus and Bateia[3] and thus brother of Hippocoon and Tyndareus. By Periboea, he became the father of Penelope, Perileos, Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes and Iphthime.[4] According to other traditions, Icarius was the father of Penelope, Alyzeus and Leucadius by Polycaste.[5]

His other possible wives were Dorodoche (daughter of Ortilochus) and Asterodia (daughter of Eurypylus);[6] the latter was said to have born him five sons - Amasichus, Phalereus, Thoon, Pheremmelias, Perilaos - and a daughter Laodice[7] or Laodamia.[8] In some accounts, by Erymede, daughter of a son Damasiclus, he became the father of Elatus, father of Taenarus.[9]

Comparative table of Icarius family
Relation Name Sources
Homer Apollonius Strabo Apollodorus Stephanus Tzetzes
Ody. Sch. Sch. Argo. Lyco.
Parentage Perieres and Gorgophone ✓ ✓
Oebalus and Bateia ✓
Siblings Tyndareus ✓ ✓ ✓
Aphareus ✓ ✓
Leucippus ✓ ✓
Hippocoon ✓
Spouse Asterodia ✓
Dorodoche ✓
Periboea ✓
Polycaste ✓
Erymede
Offspring Penelope ✓ ✓ ✓
Iphthime ✓ ✓
Laodamia or ✓
Laodice ✓
Perilaus or ✓ ✓
Perileos
Amasichus ✓
Phalereus ✓
Thoon ✓
Pheremmelias ✓
Elatus ✓
Alyzeus ✓
Leucadius ✓
Aletes ✓
Damasippus ✓
Imeusimus ✓
Thoas ✓
Taenarus ✓

Mythology

Icarius was a Spartan king and a champion runner who would not allow anyone to marry his daughter unless he beat him in a race. Odysseus succeeded and married Penelope.[10] After they got married, Icarius tried to persuade Odysseus to remain in Sparta. He did leave with Penelope, but Icarius followed them, imploring his daughter to stay. Odysseus told her she must choose whether to be with her father or with her husband. Penelope did not answer, but modestly covered her face with a veil. Icarius correctly understood that this was a sign of her will to leave with Odysseus, let them go and erected a statue of Aidos (Modesty) on the spot.[11] Icarius was apparently still alive at the time of the events of the Odyssey.

gollark: People just *generally dislike* those different to them or considered not normal somehow.
gollark: How is that a *capitalism* problem?
gollark: If people are randomly biased against shorter people, I don't see why this would not also extend to, say... I still don't understand how you expect to structure things... being rejected from anarchist communes or something?
gollark: Why, then?
gollark: I see. This sounds more like a "people make poor decisions" problem than a "capitalism" problem.

References
  1. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.9.5 & 3.10.3
  2. Tzetzes on Lycophron, 511
  3. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.10.4
  4. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.10.3-6
  5. Strabo, Geography, 10. 2. 24
  6. Scholia on Homer, Odyssey 15. 16
  7. Scholia on Homer, Odyssey, 1. 275 & 277
  8. Scholia on Homer, Odyssey, 4. 797
  9. Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1. 120
  10. Pausanias, Description of Greece 3. 12. 2
  11. Pausanias, Description of Greece 3. 20. 10-11
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