Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) is a chemical compound with a four carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group. As an anion it functions as a stable fluorosurfactant because of the strength of carbon–fluorine bonds.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
Systematic IUPAC name
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid
Other names
FC-98

Nonaflate
Nonafluorobutanesulphonic acid
Perfluorobutane sulfonate

PFBS
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.006.176
EC Number
  • 206-793-1
RTECS number
  • EK5930000
UNII
UN number 3094, 3265
Properties
C4HF9O3S
Molar mass 300.10 g/mol
Melting point 76 to 84 °C (169 to 183 °F; 349 to 357 K) [1]
Boiling point 211 °C (412 °F; 484 K)[2]
Hazards
GHS pictograms [3]
GHS Signal word Danger
GHS hazard statements
 H302, H314
P280, P305+351+338, P310[3]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Since June 2003, 3M has used PFBS as a replacement for the persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in its Scotchgard stain repellents.[4] 3M markets surfactant with PFBS in two fluorosurfactants.[5]

Safety

PFBS has a half-life of a little over one month in people, much shorter than PFOS with 5.4 years.[6] PFBS is persistent in the environment. Studies have not yet been specifically conducted to determine safety in humans.

The ECHA decision adding PFBS and its salts to the REACH Regulation Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern states:

“The combined intrinsic properties justifying the inclusion as a substance for which there is scientific evidence of probable serious effects to human health and the environment which give rise to an equivalent level of concern are the following: very high persistence, high mobility in water and soil, high potential for long-range transport, and difficulty of remediation and water purification as well as moderate bioaccumulation in humans. The observed probable serious effects for human health and the environment are thyroid hormonal disturbances and reproductive toxicity seen in rodents, and effects on liver, kidney and haematological system in rats, hormonal disturbances and effects on reproduction in marine medaka fish and effects on expression of hormone receptors in tadpoles. Together, these elements lead to a very high potential for irreversible effects.”[7]

Legislation

European Union

On 2020-01-16, PFBS and its salts were added to the REACH Regulation Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) on the grounds of "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to human health (Article 57(f) - human health)" and "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to the environment (Article 57(f) - environment)"[7].

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See also
  • PFOA
  • PFNA
  • FBSA
  • Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS)
  • Timeline of events related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

References
  1. "Nonafluorobutanesulphonic acid – 59933-66-3 Catalog of Chemical Suppliers". Retrieved 16 January 2009.
  2. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid in the ChemIDplus database
  3. Sigma-Aldrich Co., Nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid. Retrieved on 15 January 2018.
  4. Ullah, Aziz (October 2006). "The Fluorochemical Dilemma: What the PFOS/PFOA fuss is all about" (PDF). Cleaning & Restoration. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
  5. Renner R (January 2006). "The long and the short of perfluorinated replacements". Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (1): 12–3. doi:10.1021/es062612a. PMID 16433328.
  6. Betts KS (May 2007). "Perfluoroalkyl acids: what is the evidence telling us?". Environ. Health Perspect. 115 (5): A250–6. doi:10.1289/ehp.115-a250. PMC 1867999. PMID 17520044.
  7. Schilliger-Musset, Christel (2020-01-16). "Inclusion of substances of very high concern in the Candidate List for eventual inclusion in Annex XIV" (PDF). European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).
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