Pentaceras

Pentaceras australe, commonly known as bastard crow's ash, penta ash or black teak,[3] is the only species in the genus Pentaceras in the plant family Rutaceae. It is a small to medium-sized rainforest tree endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with up to fifteen leaflets, small white flowers arranged in panicles on the ends of branchlets, and winged seeds.

Bastard crow's ash
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Pentaceras
Hook.f.[1]
Species:
P. australe
Binomial name
Pentaceras australe
Synonyms[2]
  • Ailanthus punctata F.Muell.
  • Cookia australis F.Muell.
  • Pentaceras australis Benth. orth. var.
Winged seeds

Description

Pentaceras australe is a tree that typically grows to a height of 27 m (89 ft) with a dbh of 45 cm (18 in). The bark is smooth and grey fawn with small horizontal lines, flanged at the base of larger trees. The leaves are pinnate, 150–500 mm (5.9–19.7 in) long with five to fifteen leaflets. The leaflets are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 50–130 mm (2.0–5.1 in) long and 7–65 mm (0.28–2.56 in) wide, the side leaflets sessile or on a petiolule up to 9 mm (0.35 in) long, the end leaflet on a petiolule 7–35 mm (0.28–1.38 in) long. The flowers are about 6 mm (0.24 in) in diameter and are borne in perfumed panicles 120–350 mm (4.7–13.8 in) long, the sepals 0.6–1 mm (0.024–0.039 in) long and the petals white, 2.5–3 mm (0.098–0.118 in) long. Flowering occurs from June to October and the fruit is a samara 20–45 mm (0.79–1.77 in) long, the seed about 3 mm (0.12 in) long.[3][4][5]

Taxonomy

The genus Pentaceras was first formally described in 1862 by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker in Genera Plantarum.[6][7] In 1863, Ferdinand von Mueller described Cookia australis in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae[8][9] and in 1863, Bentham changed the name to Pentaceras australe in Flora Australiensis.[10][11]

Distribution and habitat

Pentaceras australe grows in rainforest, often dry rainforest, from near sea level to an altitude of 900 m (3,000 ft) and occurs from near Gympie in Queensland to near Stroud in New South Wales.[5]

Conservation status

Bastard crow's ash is classified as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.[12]

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References
  1. "Pentaceras". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  2. "Pentaceras australe". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  3. Richards, P.G. "Pentaceras australe". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  4. Floyd, Alexander G. (2008). Rainforest trees of mainland south-eastern Australia. Melbourne: Inkata Press. p. 369. ISBN 9780958943673.
  5. Hartley, Thomas G.; Wilson, Annette J.G. (ed.) (2013). Flora of Australia (Volume 26). Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 81–838. Retrieved 30 July 2020.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  6. "Pentaceras". APNI. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  7. Bentham, George; Hooker, Joseph Dalton (August 1862). Genera Plantarum. London: A. Black. p. 298. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  8. "Cookia australis". APNI. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  9. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1858). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer. p. 25. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  10. "Pentaceras australe". APNI. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  11. Bentham, George (1863). Flora Australiensis. London: Lovell Reeve & Co. p. 365. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  12. "Species profile—Pentaceras australe (bastard crow's ash)". Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
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