Pelophryne

Pelophryne, commonly known as flathead toads or dwarf toads, is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae.[1][2] The genus occurs in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya including Singapore, and Hainan (China). Molecular data suggest that Pelophryne is the sister taxon of Ansonia.[1]

Pelophryne
Pelophryne guentheri
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Pelophryne
Barbour, 1938
Type species
Pelophryne albotaeniata
Barbour, 1938
Species

See table.

Description and ecology

Pelophryne are small, semi-arboreal toads. They can easily be recognized by the peculiar, fleshy web of their fingers and toes. The genus can be divided into two groups: one with rounded but not expanded finger tips, and the other with the tips of the fingers expanded into truncate discs. This morphological division is supported by molecular data.[3]

Where two Pelophryne species coexist, one species is small (<20 mm (0.8 in)) and the other one is larger, about 25–28 mm (1.0–1.1 in) in snout–vent length. This is suggestive of resource partitioning.[3]

The tadpoles are specialized for rapid development in very small rain water pools. The eggs are relatively large, and the tadpoles appear to subsist the larval period on yolk. The tadpoles have a degenerate oral disk and lack a spiracle.[4][5]

Species

The following species are recognized in the genus Pelophryne:[1]

Binomial name and authorCommon name
Pelophryne albotaeniata Barbour, 1938White-striped flathead toad
Pelophryne api Dring, 1984
Pelophryne brevipes (Peters, 1867)Zamboanga flathead toad
Pelophryne guentheri (Boulenger, 1882)Gunther's flathead toad
Pelophryne ingeri Matsui, 2019)
Pelophryne lighti (Taylor, 1920)Mindanao flathead toad
Pelophryne linanitensis Das, 2008[6]
Pelophryne misera (Mocquard, 1890)Black flathead toad
Pelophryne murudensis Das, 2008[6]
Pelophryne penrissenensis Matsui, Nishikawa, Eto, and Hossman, 2017[3]
Pelophryne rhopophilius Inger and Stuebing, 1996
Pelophryne saravacensis Inger and Stuebing, 2009
Pelophryne signata (Boulenger, 1895)Saint Andrew's cross toadlet

In addition, the AmphibiaWeb recognizes Pelophryne macrotis as distinct from Pelophryne guentheri.[2]

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References
  1. Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Pelophryne Barbour, 1938". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  2. "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  3. Matsui, Masafumi; Nishikawa, Kanto; Eto, Koshiro & Hossman, Mohamad Yazid Bin (2017). "A new species of Pelophryne from western Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo (Anura, Bufonidae)". Zoological Science. 34 (4): 345–350. doi:10.2108/zs170008.
  4. Inger, Robert F. (1960). "Notes on toads of the genus Pelophryne". Fieldiana Zoology. 39 (39): 415–418.
  5. Inger, Robert F. (1960). "A review of the oriental toads of the genus Ansonia Stoliczka". Fieldiana Zoology. 39 (43): 473–503.
  6. Das, I. 2008. "Two new species of Pelophryne (Anura: Bufoidae) from Gunung Murud, Sarawak (Northwestern Borneo)" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56(2): 435–443.
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