Peasant Movement Training Institute

The Peasant Movement Training Institute or Peasant Training School[1] was a school in Guangzhou (then romanized as "Canton"), China, operated from 1923 to 1926 during the First United Front between the Nationalists and Communists. It was based in a 14th-century Confucian temple. The site now houses a museum to Guangzhou's revolutionary past.

Panyu Confucian Temple
Peasant Movement Training Institute
Religion
AffiliationUsed to be Confucianism, but now not such anymore
Location
LocationGuangzhou, China
CountryChina
Location in Guangdong
Geographic coordinates23°7′49.22″N 113°16′16.8″E
Mao Zedong around the time of his work at Guangzhou's PMTI
Peng Pai, PMTI was established based on his idea and suggestion.
Peasant Movement Training Institute
Traditional Chinese廣州農民運動講習所
Simplified Chinese广州农民运动讲习所
Literal meaningGuangzhou Farmers Movement Lecture Site

History

The PMTI was one of the outcomes of the First United Front between the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalist Party) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during early-mid-1920s. In 1923, the KMT-CCP Alliance had been formed. The KMT was then led by Sun Yat-sen and carried out the policies of “alliance with Soviet Russia, cooperation with the Communists, and assistance to peasant and worker movements”. In 1924, Peng Pai (彭湃), one of the leaders of the CCP at its early stage, became a member of KMT and served as the Secretary of Peasant Department of KMT Central Committee. Based on Peng Pai’s idea and suggestion, the KMT Central Committee decided to set up the institute to train young idealists from all over China who then went out to educate the masses in rural China.[2][3] The decision to establish the PMTI was historic, in that it was the first formal government-sponsored training institute for rural political activities. The institute was officially opened on July 3, 1924, in Guangzhou at the Huizhou Association headquarters (惠州会馆) at 53 South Yuexiu Road (越秀南路), with Peng Pai as director.[4]

Between July 1924 and September 1926, there were a total of 6 classes or terms held in the PMTI. Peng Pai was the Director for 1st and 5th terms, and Mao Zedong was the Director for 6th term or class with the largest size. Luo Yiyuan (罗绮园), Yuan Xiaoxian (阮啸仙), and Tan Zhitang (谭植棠) were Directors for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th terms, respectively.[3] Some of the famous figures in the CCP lectured here, including Zhou Enlai, Yun Daiying (恽代英), and Xiao Chu'nü (萧楚女).

The institute was closed in 1926 as the relationship between the Nationalists and Communists disintegrated. Many former students were killed during the failed 1927 uprising and are remembered in the Martyrs Memorial Park.

The Peasant Movement Training Institute on Zhongshan Road was opened as a commemorative site in the 1950s and the lecture rooms and dormitories of the young revolutionaries have been recreated.

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See also
  • PMTI Station of Guangzhou Metro

References
  1. East River Column, p. 24
  2. Terrill, Ross (1999). Mao: A Biography. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press. p. 99. ISBN 0-8047-2921-2.
  3. Berkley, Gerald W. (April 1975). "The Canton Peasant Movement Training Institute". Modern China. 1: 161–179. doi:10.1177/009770047500100203. JSTOR 189039.
  4. Galbiati, Fernando (1985). Peng Pai and the Hai-Lu-Feng Soviet. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1219-0.
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