Patrick James Byrne

Patrick James Byrne, M.M. (October 26, 1888 – November 25, 1950) was an American-born Catholic missionary and bishop. As a member of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (Maryknoll) he was assigned to missions in Korea and Japan. He served as the Prefect Apostolic of Pyongyang from 1927 to 1929, Prefect Apostolic of Kyoto from 1937 to 1940, Apostolic Visitor to Korea from 1947 to 1949, and the Apostolic Delegate to Korea from 1949 to 1950. He died in the custody of the Communists in Korea.

The Most Reverend

Patrick J. Byrne

M.M.
Apostolic Delegate to Korea
ChurchRoman Catholic Church
AppointedApril 7, 1949
Term endedNovember 25, 1950
SuccessorEgano Righi-Lambertini
Other postsTitular Bishop of Gazera
Orders
OrdinationJune 23, 1915
ConsecrationJune 14, 1949
by Richard Cushing
Personal details
Birth namePatrick James Byrne
BornOctober 26, 1888
Washington, D.C., USA
DiedNovember 25, 1950(1950-11-25) (aged 62)
Korea
NationalityAmerican
DenominationRoman Catholic
Previous post
  • Prefect Apostolic of Pyongyang (1927–1929)
  • Prefect Apostolic of Kyoto (1937–1940)
  • Apostolic Visitor to Korea (1947-1949)

Early life

Born in Washington, D.C., Patrick Byrne was educated by the Sulpicians at St. Charles College in Ellicott City, Maryland, and St. Mary’s Seminary in Baltimore. He was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Baltimore on June 23, 1915.[1]

Priest

A week after he was ordained, Byrne was given permission by Cardinal James Gibbons to enter Maryknoll. He served the community in a variety of capacities.[1] He supervised construction projects at Maryknoll and at Scranton, Pennsylvania, and then served as the rector of both seminaries. He was the editor of Field Afar, and he served as the community's Vicar General and treasurer.

In 1923 Byrne organized the first Maryknoll Mission to Korea.[lower-alpha 1] On November 9, 1927, Pope Pius XI named him the Prefect Apostolic of Pyongyang. In 1929 he was a delegate to the first General Chapter of Maryknoll and he was elected the Assistant Superior General. He resigned his position as Prefect Apostolic on August 12, 1929, to take up his new responsibilities.[3] In 1935 Byrne reentered the mission field, this time in Kyoto, Japan. Pope Pius XI named him the Prefect Apostolic of Kyoto on June 18, 1937.[4] He resigned this office on October 10, 1940, in favor of a Japanese priest. Because of his charitable reputation he was not imprisoned during the Second World War, but held under house arrest.[1] He made radio broadcasts on behalf of the United States Army to calm the Japanese people as the Americans occupied Japan at the conclusion of the war.

Bishop

Pope Pius XII appointed Byrne Apostolic Visitor of the Holy See to Korea on July 17, 1947.[5] On April 7, 1949, Pope Pius named him the Titular Bishop of Gazera and the first Apostolic Delegate to Korea.[6] Byrne was consecrated a bishop on June 14, 1949, by Auxiliary Bishop of New York Thomas McDonnell. The principal co-consecrators were Bishops Paul Marie Kinam Ro, Apostolic Vicar of Seoul, and Andrien-Joseph Larribeau, Apostolic Vicar emeritus of Seoul.[3]

He was in Seoul when North Korea forces invaded South Korea in June 1950 and occupied the city.[7] He was arrested by the Communists on July 2, 1950, and put on trial.[1] He was placed on a march that went through the former Maryknoll Mission territory to the Yalu River. Byrne was put of trial again in Pyongyong and was forced on another march that lasted four months. The weather was bad and there was little food or shelter. Byrne came down with pneumonia and died on November 25, 1950, at the age of 62. He was buried by fellow prisoner, Monsignor Thomas F. Quinlan, S.S.C, who was the Prefect Apostolic of Chuncheon.

Notes
  1. In 1926, Maryknoll published Byrne's translation of a French study, Le Catholicisme en Corée, as The Catholic Church in Korea. He omitted the French text's "complaints about the superior resources available to Protestants".[2]
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References
  1. "Bishop Patrick J. Byrne, MM". Maryknoll Mission Archives. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
  2. Baker, Donald (2006). "Sibling Rivalry in Twentieth-Century Korea". In Buswell Jr., Robert E.; Lee, Timothy S. (eds.). Christianity in Korea. University of Hawaii Press. p. 307. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  3. "Bishop Patrick James Byrne, M.M." Catholic-Hierarchy. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
  4. Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). XXIX. 1937. p. 402. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  5. Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). XXXIX. 1947. pp. 468, 582. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  6. Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). XXXXI. 1949. p. 463. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  7. "Msgr. Patrick J. Byrne Is Missing in Korea; Vatican Sources Fearful for His Safety". New York Times. July 12, 1950. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Additional sources
  • Lane, Raymond A. (1955). Ambassador in Chains: The Life of Bishop Patrick James Byrne (1888-1950) Apostolic Delegate to the Republic of Korea. P.J. Kenedy.
  • Crosbie, Philip (1955). March Till They Die. Browne & Nolan.
  • Ryan, Eileen (July 1, 2017). "Marching to Martyrdom in Korea". Maryknoll Magazine.
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