Paramysis

Paramysis (from the Greek affix para-, "near", "beside", and the genus name Mysis) is a genus of mysid crustaceans (Mysidacea) in family Mysidae, distributed in coastal zone of low boreal East Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and the basins of Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea (Ponto-Caspian Basin).

Paramysis
Head of Paramysis ullskyi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Mysida
Family:
Mysidae
Subfamily:
Mysinae
Tribe:
Mysini
Genus:
Paramysis

Czerniavsky, 1882

Biogeography

The majority of Paramysis species are brackish- or freshwater endemics of the Ponto-Caspian Basin; some of them naturally spread more than 500 kilometres (310 mi) up large rivers, including the Volga, Don, Dnieper and Danube. A number of Ponto-Caspian species have been introduced outside the native range. Marine species from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea have probably descended from ancient Ponto-Caspian populations.[1]

Diversity

There are 24 species[2][3][4] classified into 7 subgenera.[3][5][6][7] Body length ranges from 1 to 4 centimetres (0.4 to 1.6 in). The largest species, like P. eurylepis, P. inflata, are found only in the Caspian Sea. Generic characters: subrostral plate; large eyes on short stalk; antennal scale with smooth outer margin, ended by strong spine, and distal segment rudimentary with five setae; four segments of pereiopod 1–4 carpopropodus; five segments in pleopod 4 of male.[3] Consumed by fishes; particularly important for juvenile sturgeons and zander.[5]

Two extinct species, previously included into this genus,[8][9] have been recently moved into extinct genus Sarmysis.[10]

Species
Subgenus Paramysis sensu stricto
Subgenus Metamysis G. O. Sars, 1893
  • Paramysis grimmi (G. O. Sars, 1895)
  • Paramysis inflata (G. O. Sars, 1907)
  • Paramysis ullskyi Czerniavsky, 1882
Subgenus Serrapalpisis Daneliya, 2004
  • Paramysis incerta G. O. Sars, 1895
  • Paramysis kosswigi Băcescu, 1948
  • Paramysis lacustris (Czerniavsky, 1882)
  • Paramysis sowinskii Daneliya, 2002
Subgenus Mesomysis Czerniavsky, 1882
Subgenus Nanoparamysis Daneliya, 2004
  • Paramysis loxolepis (G. O. Sars, 1895)
Subgenus Longidentia Daneliya, 2004
  • Paramysis adriatica Wittmann, Ariani et Daneliya, 2016
  • Paramysis helleri (G. O. Sars, 1877)
  • Paramysis kroyeri (Czerniavsky, 1882)
  • Paramysis nouveli (Labat, 1953)
  • Paramysis agigensis Băcescu, 1940
Subgenus Pseudoparamysis Băcescu, 1940
  • Paramysis bacescoi Labat, 1953
  • Paramysis pontica (Băcescu, 1940)
Incertae sedis
  • Paramysis festae Colosi, 1922
  • Paramysis portzicensis Nouvel, 1950
  • Paramysis proconnesia Colosi, 1922
  • Paramysis arenosa (G. O. Sars, 1877)
gollark: Appearance/Basic Anatomy Their golden scales retain heat better than other dragons. The twin dorsal fins at their shoulders grow slowly. When first born, the golden scales are at their brightest and then dull over time. The dorsal and tail spines are not sharp. The underbelly has harder scales than the rest of the body. Three digits on each wing, with a small claw-like digit at the central joint. Eyes have slit pupils that are bright apple green. The tail is prehensile to a degree and helps steady movements.Hatchling Behavior Hatchlings are timid but curious. At a young age, scales start out sharp. When encountering other metallic dragons, Golds become very talkative. They can’t do much flying until the twin dorsal fins are long enough.Adult Behavior Can be persnickety at times. Absolutely love objects as shiny as they are. Being hunted for their lustrous scales has made them tend to avoid humans. Dislike direct sunlight when in groups. Highly intelligent compared to other breeds. Have studied humans to a small degree but are not particularly impresssed with them.Habitat Can be found near caves. Hatchlings tend not to stay where they are supposed to. Prefer dense wooded areas.Diet Primary diet of large game and pack animals. Are careful to avoid killing off entire herds. “Snack” on nuts, if available.
gollark: Gold what?
gollark: INdeed.
gollark: `his horse travelling with the speed of a thousand gazelles`
gollark: `his horse as fast as a horse capable of moving somewhat above the median speed of horses`

References
  1. Asta Audzijonyte; Mikhail E. Daneliya; Nikolai Mugue; Risto Väinölä (2008). "Phylogeny of Paramysis (Crustacea: Mysida) and the origin of Ponto-Caspian endemic diversity: Resolving power from nuclear protein-coding genes" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 46 (2): 738–759. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.009. PMID 18187346.
  2. R. Labat (1953). "Paramysis nouveli n. sp. et Paramysis bacescoi n. sp. deux espéces de Mysidacés confondues, jusqu'à présent, avec Paramysis helleri (G. O. Sars, 1877)". Bulletin of the Institute of Oceanography, Monaco. 1034 (5): 1–24.
  3. M. E. Daneliya (2004). "K sistematike mizid roda Paramysis (Crustacea, Mysidacea) iz basseina Ponto-Kaspiya". Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. 83: 408–416.
  4. M. E. Daneliya, A. Audzijonyte & R. Väinölä (2007). "Diversity within the Ponto-Caspian Paramysis baeri Czerniavsky sensu lato revisited: P. bakuensis G. O. Sars restored (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1632: 21–36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1632.1.2.
  5. A. N. Derzhavin (1939). Mizidy Kaspiya. Baku, Azerbaijan: Izdatelstvo AzFAN.
  6. M. Băcescu (1940). "Les Mysidacés des eaux roumaines (étude taxonomique, morphologique, bio-géographique et biologique)". Extrait des Annales Scientifiques de l'Université de Jassy. 26 (2): 453–804.
  7. K.J. Wittmann, A.P. Ariani, M. Daneliya (2016). "The Mysidae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Mysida) in fresh and oligohaline waters of the Mediterranean. Taxonomy, biogeography, and bioinvasion". Zootaxa. 4142 (1): 1–70. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4142.1.1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. G. Voicu (1974). "Identification des Myside's fossiles dans les depots du Miocène supérieur de la Paratéthys Centrale et Orientale et leur importance paléontologique, stratigraphique et paléogéographique". Geol. Carpath. 25: 23l–239.
  9. G. Voicu (1981). "Upper Miocene and Recent mysid statoliths in Central and Eastern Paratethys". Micropaleontology. 27 (3): 227–247. doi:10.2307/1485236. JSTOR 1485236.
  10. I. Petrescu; K. Wittmann (2009). "Catalogue of the Mysida type collection (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History (Bucuresti)". Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa". 52: 53–72.
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