Panama Jazz Festival

The Panama Jazz Festival was founded in September 2003 by pianist Danilo Pérez.

History

Perez founded the festival with the intent to improve people's lives through the shared experience of music.[1] The festival has welcomed 300,000 people from all over the world. Organizers announced that more than 5 million dollars in scholarships has served more than 25,000 students from Latin America and the world.[2]

The festival provides a week of master classes by musicians from Berklee College of Music, Berklee Global Jazz Institute, and the New England Conservatory. Other institutions that have participated in the festival include the Golandsky Institute, Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, Sienna Jazz Foundation, Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz, New York Jazz Academy, and the Paris Conservatory.[3]

Musicians who have attended the festival include Kenny Barron, Rubén Blades, Terri Lyne Carrington, Billy Cobham, Jack DeJohnette, Nnenna Freelon, Herbie Hancock, Stanley Jordan, Joe Lovano, Ellis Marsalis Jr., John Patitucci, Dianne Reeves, Wayne Shorter, Esperanza Spalding, Mike Stern, Chucho Valdés, Randy Weston, and Lizz Wright.

Invited musicians teach master classes where students from Latin America and the world come together to learn from the international masters of jazz. Among the musicians who have given lectures are Kenny Barron, Brian Blade, Ran Blake, Terri Lyne Carrington, Regina Carter, Santi Debriano, Jack DeJohnette, Nnenna Freelon, Tia Fuller, Eddie Gómez, Craig Handy, Charlie Hunter, Stanley Jordan, Joe Lovano, John Patitucci, Marco Pignataro, Kurt Rosenwinkel, David Sanchez, Wayne Shorter, Janis Siegel, Ben Street, Steve Turre, Chucho Valdés, and Randy Weston.[3][4]

The festival supports the year-round educational programs of Danilo Perez Foundation, which brings art and music to children from poor communities in the Republic of Panama. The idea for the Danilo Perez Foundation originated in the 1965 when Danilo Perez Urriola (father of the pianist) started his educational programs with children of poverty in Panama and created an elementary and high school curriculum where all classes were taught through improvisation, composition, and the performance of music.

Recordings

Panama Suite (2006) was recorded with students and faculty of Berklee College of Music and the New England Conservatory to commemorate five years of the Panama Jazz Festival. All tracks were composed and directed by Danilo Perez and produced by Billy Herron and Berklee College of Music.

Associated schools and organizations

• Berklee College of Music and Berklee Global Jazz Institute[5][6]
• City of Knowledge
• Danilo Perez Foundation
• Embassy of the United States[7]
• New England Conservatory[5]
• Panamanian Government: Presidency, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Culture, and Panama City mayor

Guests

Year	Artist	Instrument	Origin
2003	Danilo Pérez Trio (Ben Street, Adam Cruz)	Piano, bass, drums
	Kenny Barron (Kiyoshi Obata, Kim Thompson)	Piano	U.S.
	Mike Stern (Bob Franceschini, Lincoln Goines, Lionel Cordew)	Guitar	U.S.
	Steve Turre (Hector Martignon, Steve Kirby, Obed Calvaire, Richie Flores)	Trombone	U.S.
	Carlos Garnett	Tenor saxophone	Panama
	Regina Carter (David Budway, Mayra Casales, Alvester Garnett, Chris Lightcap)	Violin	U.S.
	Charlie Hunter	Guitar	U.S.
	Barbara Wilson	Voice	Panama
	Danilo Perez Sr.	Voice	Panama
2005	Jack DeJohnette (Danilo Perez, John Patitucci, Joe Lovano, Ricaurte Villarreal)	Drums and piano	U.S.
	Joe Lovano (Dennis Irwin, William Drewes, Francisco Mela, James Weidman, Judi Silvano)	Tenor saxophone	U.S.
	John Patitucci	Double bass, bass guitar	U.S.
	Victor Paz	Trumpet	Panama
	Janis Siegel (Steve Hass, Darek Oles, Alan Pasqua)	Voice	U.S.
2006	Randy Weston (feat. Alex Blake, Neil Clarke)	Piano	U.S.	[8]
	Kurt Rosenwinkel	Guitar	U.S.
	David Sánchez	Saxophone	Puerto Rico
	Carlos Garnett	Tenor saxophone	Panama
	Mark Turner	Saxophone and clarinet	U.S.
	Victor Paz	Trumpet	Panama
	Santi Debriano (Patricia Vlieg)	Bass	U.S.
2007	Edmar Castañeda	Harp	Colombia
	Nnenna Freelon	Voice	U.S.
	Carlos Garnett	Tenor saxophone	Panama
	Panamanian Band (feat. Danilo Perez, Billy Cobham, Santi Debriano, Jorge Sylvester, Renato Thoms)	Piano, bass, drums, saxophone	Panama
	Victor Paz	Trumpet	Panama
	Banda Tributo a Chile (feat. Patricia Zarate, Mili Bermejo, Francisco Molina, Nando Michelin, Dan Greenspan)	Saxophone	Chile
2008	Tia Fuller (Kim Thompson)	Saxophone	U.S.
	Kelley Johnson (Graciela Nunez, Yomira John)	Voice	U.S.
	Stanley Jordan	Guitar	U.S.
	Catherine Russell	Voice	U.S.
	Dave Samuels (Caribbean Jazz Project)	Vibraphone	U.S.
2009	Wayne Shorter Quartet (feat. Brian Blade, Danilo Pérez, John Patitucci)	Saxophone, piano, drums, bass	U.S.	[9]
	Luba Mason (feat. Rubén Blades, Jimmy Haslip, Hubert Laws)	Voice
	Marco Pignataro Quintet (feat. Eddie Gómez, Matt Marvuglio, Mark Kramer, Billy Drummond)	Saxophone	Italy
	Chucho Valdés	Piano	Cuba
2010	Lizz Wright	Voice	U.S.	[5]
	Carlos Garnett	Tenor saxophone	Panama
	Jamey Haddad	Percussion	U.S.
	Joe Lovano	Tenor saxophone	U.S.
	Terri Lyne Carrington	Drum and voice	U.S.
	Ellis Marsalis, Jr.	Piano	U.S.
	Juanito Pascual	Guitar	U.S.
	John Patitucci	Double bass and electric bass	U.S.
2011	Ben Street	Double bass	U.S.
	Adam Cruz	Drum set	U.S.
	Tom Patitucci	Guitar	U.S.
	Rudresh Mahanthappa	Saxophone	Italy
	Paoli Mejias (Sarah Vogel, Sara Serpa Dossantos, John Patitucci, Robert Ameen, Michael Jesus Rodriguez, Jonathan Wells Poses)	Percussion	Puerto Rico
	John Patitucci	Double bass and bass guitar	U.S.
	Claudia Acuña (Jon Cowherd, Juan Herrera, Edgardo Serka	Voice	Chile
	Brian Lynch (Alain Perez)	Trumpet	U.S.
	Conrad Herwig (Lucques Curtes, William O'Connell, Pedro Martinez)	Trombone	U.S.
2012	John Scofield (Ben Street, Bill Stewart)	Guitar	U.S.
	Charlie Sepúlveda (Raul Maldonado, Natanael Molina, Gabriel Rodriquez, Gadwin Vargas, Norberto Ortiz)	Trumpet	U.S.
	Luis Bonilla	Trombone	U.S.
	Omara Portuondo	Voice	Cuba
	Chucho Valdés	Piano	Cuba
	Carlos Garnett (Carlton Holmes, Taru Alexander)	Saxophone	U.S.
	Tito Puente Jr. (Rosado Marlow, Teri Roiger, John Menegon)	Percussion	U.S.
	Jed Levi (Alvester Garnett, Thomson Neekland, Misha Tsiganov)	Saxophone	U.S.
	Adalberto Santiago (William Thompson, Jorge Diaz, Jose Piro Rodriguez, Josue Rosado, Raul Rosario, Jose Gazmey, Jose Pedroso, Jose Changuito Quinta, Julio Flores)	Singer	Puerto Rico
2013	Herbie Hancock	Piano	U.S.
	Wayne Shorter Quartet (feat. Brian Blade, Danilo Pérez, John Patitucci)	Saxophone, piano, drums, bass	U.S.
	Bill Frisell	Guitar	U.S.
	Susana Baca	Voice	Peru
2014	Lizz Wright	Voice	U.S.
	Kenny Garrett	Saxophone	U.S.
	HBC Trio (Scott Henderson, Jeff Berlin, Dennis Chambers)	Guitar, bass, drums	U.S.
	Pisco Trio (George Garzone, Jorge Perez, Ehud Ettun)	Saxophone, drums, bass	U.S., Peru, Israel
	Nedelka Prescod	Voice	U.S.
	Shea Welsh	Guitar	U.S.
	Michelle Coltrane	Voice	U.S.
	Kevin Harris	Piano	U.S.
2015	Children of the Light (Danilo Perez, John Patitucci, Brian Blade)	Piano, bass, drums	Panama & U.S.
	Benny Golson	Saxophone	U.S.
	Brian Blade & the Fellowship Band (Brian Blade, Jon Cowherd, Chris Thomas, Myron Walden, Melvin Butler)	Drums, piano, bass, sax, clarinet	U.S.
	Pedrito Martinez	Percussion	Cuba
	Miguel Zenón	Saxophone	Puerto Rico
	Rubén Blades	Voice	Panama
	MAPUJAZZ ft. Claudia Acuña	Voice	Chile
	Omar Alfanno	Voice & composer	Panama
	Phil Ranelin	Trombone	U.S.
	Uwe Kropinski & Michael Heupel	Guitar, flute	Germany
2016	Randy Weston	Piano	U.S.
	David Murray	Saxophone	U.S.
	Terri Lyne Carrington	Drummer	U.S.
	Geri Allen	Piano	U.S.
	Danny Rivera	Voice	Puerto Rico
	Dave Douglas	Trumpet	U.S.
	Dominique Eade	Voice	U.S.
	Rudresh Mahanthappa	Saxophone	U.S.
	Tony Vega	Voic, percussion	Puerto Rico
	John Patitucci	Double bass, bass guitar	U.S.
	Tom Patitucci	Guitar	U.S.
	Arild Andersen	Double bass	Norway
	Tal Gamlieli	Double bass	Israel
2017	Esperanza Spalding	Voice & double bass	U.S.
	Dianne Reeves	Voice	U.S.
	Romero Lubambo	Guitar	Brazil
	Children of the Light (Danilo Perez, John Patitucci, Brian Blade)	Piano, bass, drums	Panama & U.S.
	Terri Lyne Carrington	Drummer	U.S.
	Bill Dobbins	Piano	U.S.
	John Patitucci Electric Guitar Quartet - Adam Rogers, Steve Cardenas	2 Guitars, bass, drums	U.S.
2018	Wayne Shorter Quartet - (feat. Danilo Perez, John Patitucci, and Brian Blade)	Sax, piano, bass, drums	U.S.
	Panamonk Revisited (feat. Danilo Perez, Ben Street and Terri Lyne Carrington)	Piano, bass, drums	U.S.
	Chucho Valdés Quartet	Piano, bass, drums, percussion	U.S.
	Ran Blake	Piano	U.S.
	Luciana Souza	Voice	U.S.
	Santi Debriano Quartet (feat. Craig Handy, Bill O'Conell and Tommy Campbell)	Sax, piano, bass, drums	U.S.
	Marco Pignataro Quartet (feat. Lefteris Kordis, Ben Street, Terri Lyne Carrington)	Sax, piano, bass, drums	U.S.
	Bill Dobbins	Piano	U.S.

Music therapy symposium

The Music Therapy Symposium was founded in January 2013 by Chilean saxophonist, music therapist and Executive Director of the Panama Jazz Festival Patricia Zarate. The mission of the Latin American Symposium on Music Therapy is the dissemination of the theory and practice of music therapy in Latin America.

Year	Music therapist	Origin	Content
2013	Sharon Katz	South Africa	Music Therapy in Apartheid SudAfrica
	Paola Casal	Panamá	Music Therapy in Panamá
	Melany Taylor	Panamá	Music Therapy in Panamá
	Cynthia Pimentel	Mexico	Music Therapy with Children and Adults
	Patricia Zárate	Chile	Music Therapy with Children and Adults
2014	Kathleen Howland	U.S.	Music Therapy & Alzheimer, Special Needs, Parkinson, The Power of Music and Therapy
	Silvia Andreu	Chile	Music Therapy in Elementary School Setting,Well-being of teachers through Music Therapy, Music Therapy and Hearing Loss with Children
	Patricia Zárate	Chile	Music and Extreme Poverty in Latin America
	Jorge Montaldo	Argentina	Music Therapy in a Hospital setting with Elderly, The Training of a Music Therapist, From Chaos to Composition, Benefits if Music Therapy in Mental Health Community Settings.
	Alfredo Hidrovo	Panamá	Music for Healing
	Aleyda Duarte & Luis Carlos Perez	Panamá	The Changing Role of Music in Panama
	Pedro Peña	Venezuela	From the Quality of Sound to the use of Music for Expression, Music as a Tool for Self Expression
	Margarita Carreño & Kleiberth Mora	Venezuela	Network of Penitentiary Symphonic Orchestra's
2015	Kathleen Howland	U.S.	Music Therapy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Introduction to Neurological Music Therapy (NMT), Psychology of Music - Why Music?
	Juan Pablo Ruiz	Colombia	Using Music Therapy as a Tool to Treat Special Needs Children
	Marlene Rodriguez-Wolf	Dominican Republic	Music Therapy in a Pediatric Oncology Unit, Music Therapy and Pain Management
	Aleyda Duarte & Luis Carlos Perez	Panamá	Social Change through Music
	Cecilia Di Prinzio	Argentina	A Teacher's Occupational Health from a Music Therapy Standpoint, Early Intervention
	María Galán	Colombia	Music Therapy Activities Based on the Methodology of Electro-Acoustic Music
	Melany Taylor	Panamá	Music Therapy in Panama
	Patricia Zárate	Chile	The Therapeutic Effects of Jazz
	Jorge Montaldo	Argentina	Music Therapy in a Hospital Setting, Corporeity and Music in Music Therapy. Testimonies from the XVI National Congress of Music Therapy in Argentina, Moving from Chaos into Composition. Immanence in the Training of a Music Therapist
	Max Terán	Costa Rica	Music Therapy Workshop Autism and Executive Functions: Clinical Research from the approach of Abordaje Plurimodal
	Sandra Schvetz	Panama	Musicoterapia and Cri Du Chat
	Alejandra Sanchez	México	The use of Electro-Acoustic Devices in Music Therapy, Experience with children on the Autism Spectrum
2016	Connie Tomaino	U.S.	Clinical Improvisation in Music Therapy, Music and Memory, Music and the Brain, Recovery of Speech through Music Therapy
	Kathleen Howland	U.S.	An Introduction to Music Therapy and Medicine, Music Therapy and Speech/ Language Disorders, Music Therapy and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
	Juan José Capella	Venezuela	Systematic Musical Psychotherapy
	Andrea Oyarzún	Chile	Music Therapy for People Diagnosed with HIV/AIDS
	Juan Pablo Ruiz	Colombia	Interactive Workshop on Music Therapy
	Melanie Taylor Herrera	Panamá	The Importance of Environment: Treating Adolescents with Disabilities,
	Stephanie Platzer	U.S.	Music Therapy and Neurological Disorders
	Jorge Montaldo	Argentina	Music Therapy and Medicine
	Kira Helper	U.S.	Music Therapy and Neurological Disorders
	Aleida Duarte	Panamá	Music for Social Change
2017	Colin Andrew Lee	U.S.	Music Therapy and Improvisation; Aesthetic Music Therapy; Music therapy Techniques for Neurological Advances in Nordoff Robbins Technique
	Kathleen Howland	U.S.	Music Therapy and Cognition; Educational Curriculum for Music Therapy; Music therapy Techniques for Neurological Advances in Nordoff Robbins Technique
	Juan Pablo Ruiz	Colombia	Interactive Workshop on Music Therapy; Music Therapy and Improvisation with children ages 0–6
	Krystal Demaine	U.S.	Exploring the Musical Echolalia in Children; Teaching with Compassion in the Creative Therapies
	Carolina Torres López	Colombia	Music Therapy Intervention and Development of Assertive and Empathic Skills in Adolescents Involved in School Bullying
	Violeta Díaz	Chile	Anatomy of Cerebral Artists
	Talia Girton	U.S.	The New Music Therapy Center of Panamá
	Lucía Bertello	Panamá	The Effects of Musical Training on the Behavior and Emotional Wellness of Children Ages 5–13
	Carolina Muñoz Lepe	Chile	Self-Care Workshop for Mothers of Children and Young People with Severe Cerebral Palsy
	Lauren Caso	U.S.	African Percussion for Music Therapy
	Esteban Roa	Colombia	The New Music Therapy Center of Panamá
	Aleida Duarte	Panamá	Music for Social Change
2018	Kathleen Howland	U.S.	Musical performance vs Therapy
	Ana Maria Herrera	Colombia	Contributions of Music Therapy to the therapy of laughter
	Talia Girton	U.S.	Elements of a Music Therapy Session
	Andres Salgado	Colombia	Pilot music therapy program for adolescents victims of the Colombian armed conflict
	Carlos Gomez	Colombia	Community Music Therapy for the construction of peace in the armed conflict of Colombia.
	Colin Lee	Canada	Improvisation Workshop
	Camila Pfeifer	Argentina	Music and the Brain
	Violeta Diaz	Chile	Cases of Neurology in Music Therapy
	CarylBeth Thomas	U.S.	Introduction to Music Therapy in Psychiatry
	Jenny León	Colombia	Musicoterapia para el fortalecimiento de la dinámica familiar de niños con implante coclear
	Camila Pfeifer	Argentina	Neurological music therapy

Awards and honors

[10][11][12]

Year	Name	Occupation	Notes
2003	Luis Russell	Pianist	Musical Director for Louis Armstrong's band since 1935. Pianist Luis Russell led one of the early big bands. In 1925, he moved from New Orleans to Chicago to join Doc Cook's Orchestra and then became the pianist in King Oliver's band. Musical director of Louis Armstrong's band since 1935, he has performed with King Oliver, Red Allen, and Jelly Roll Morton.[13][14][15]
2005	Victor Boa	Pianist	He was part of the Panamanian jazz scene beginning in the late forties. His particular flavor of jazz was called "tambo jazz". Victor "Boa" (Victor Everton McRae) in 1946 began to lead the group Down Beat Five.[16]
2006	Mauricio Smith	Flautist, reeds player, musical director, composer, arranger, guitarist, keyboardist, percussionist, and singer	Mauricio Smith was born in Panama but lived most of his life in New York City. He performed and recorded with Clark Terry, Charlie Mingus, Dizzy Gillespie, Chubby Checker, Eartha Kitt, and Harry Belafonte. Smith was a member of the Saturday Night Live band and led the Latin band at the Rainbow Room for six years. He scored music for movies and wrote arrangements for Tito Puente. He has performed classical music as a flautist and soloist with the Puerto Rican Symphony and has given recitals at Avery Fisher Hall. Smith was born on July 11, 1931 in Colón, Panamá. He distinguished himself as a cyclist while he played flute in La Banda Republicana de Panamá. He attended the Conservatory of Music of Panamá and performed professionally with la Banda de Bomberos de Colón. He soon focused on folkloric Panamanian music with Leonidas Cajar. Apart from the flute, he was known to play saxophone, clarinet, piccolo, harmonica, classical guitar, bass, vibraphone, and Latin percussion.
2007	Barbara Wilson	Singer
2008	5th anniversary		Dedicated to all festival supporters
2009	Clarence Martin Sr.	Bassist, composer, arranger	Contributed to Panamanian jazz since the 1940s and has influenced several generations of musicians from many genres such as jazz, classical, and Caribbean music. Born in Ciudad Panamá on January 29, 1922. His mother was pianist Clementine Armtrading de Martin. His father, Vernon Martin, was a clarinetist and played in La Banda Del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Panamá. Since his childhood, Martin accompanied his mother on saxophone and piano. He became a bassist and arranger for Armando Boza. Martin toured internationally with Celia Cruz, Beny Moré, Cascarita, Vicentico Valdez, Miguelito Valdez, Sara Montiel, Angélica María, Roberto Ledezma, Peter Dutchin, Daniel Santos, Lucho Gatica, Olga Guillot, Don Pedro Vargas, Mona Bell, and Shaw Elliot.
2010	Sonny White	Pianist	Born in Panama, White lived in the U.S. most of his life and recorded "Strange Fruit" with Billie Holiday.[17] He also performed with Sidney Bechet, Artie Shaw, Benny Carter, and Dexter Gordon. The success of the song propelled White to continue working with Artie Shaw and Benny Carter. After World War II, White explored R&B and contemporary pop music which led him to play with Big Joe Turner, Lawrence Lucie, Sid Catlett, and Roy Eldridge.[18]
2011	Víctor Vitín Paz	Trumpeter	A Latin jazz trumpeter, he was a member of the Fania All Stars. He worked for Broadway shows in New York City and performed with Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Dizzy Gillespie, and The Jackson Five
2012	Carlos Garnett	Saxophonist, composer, arranger	Born in Red Tank, Panama Canal Zone. As a teenager he played with soldiers from the nearby United States Army base. Garnett started playing tenor in 1957 and calypso and Latin music. In 1962, he moved to New York, working with rock bands, but he listened to free-jazz saxophonists. He gained recognition for his work with Freddie Hubbard, Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, and Charles Mingus, and Miles Davis. He also worked with Jack McDuff, Andrew Hill, Gary Bartz, and Norman Connors. He recorded five albums for Muse during from 1974 to 1977.
2013	10th Anniversary
2014			Penteceptennial of Christopher Columbus's discovery of the New World and centennial of the building of the Panama Canal
2015	Eric Dolphy	Saxophonist	An American free jazz alto saxophonist, flautist, and bass clarinetist, whose parents immigrated from Panama. He collaborated Charles Mingus, John Coltrane, and Booker Little.
2016	Randy Weston	Pianist, composer	American jazz pianist and composer, his father was Panamanian. Weston's music incorporated African elements. He collaborated with Dizzy Gillespie, Kenny Dorham, and Cecil Payne[19][20] Weston began working professionally in R&B bands in the late 1940s before playing in the bebop outfits of Payne and Kenny Dorham. After singing with Riverside in 1954, he led trios and quartets and attained a reputation as a composer, contributing "Hi-Fly" and "Little Niles" to the repertoire.[21]
2017	Violeta Green	Vocalist	A native of Bocas del Toro, Cobra lived and worked throughout his life in the province of Colon and both Violeta and Cobra.[22]
2018	15th Anniversary

References

1. "U.S. Embassy Panama Supports 5th Annual Panama International Jazz Festival". October 27, 2007. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
2. "Panama Jazz Festival 2010". Escapes Panamá. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
3. "2010 Panama Jazz Festival Educational Activities". January 11–16, 2010. Archived from the original on December 7, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
4. Educational Activities at the Panama Jazz Festival 2009, archived from the original on February 27, 2009, retrieved August 8, 2010
5. "Panama Jazz Festival 2010". Jazz Times. January 11–16, 2010. Archived from the original on January 8, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
6. Dorbu, Mitzi (January 8, 2009). "Panama Jazz Festival: Scholarships Build Bridge to Opportunity". Retrieved August 8, 2010.
7. "Panama's Jazz Festival 2010 Press Conference". October 6, 2009. Archived from the original on September 2, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
8. Sabbatini, Mark (February 7, 2006). "The 2006 Panama Jazz Festival". Retrieved August 8, 2010.
9. "6th Annual Panama Jazz Festival Set for January 12–17, 2009, Founder/Artistic Director Danilo Perez Announces". Billboard Publicity Wire. November 13, 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
10. Blumenthal, Bob (August 2007). "Jazzed Para Perez". Jazz Times.
11. Ouellette, Dan (April 2009). "Panama Jazz Festival Builds International and Local Bridges". DownBeat: 20.
12. Reich, Howard (March 6, 2005). "A Culture With A Lost Past". Chicago Tribune. p. 7.
13. Ramsey, Frederic, and Charles Edward Smith, eds. Jazzmen. Vol. 30. Harcourt, Brace, 1959.
14. Bogdanov, Vladimir, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine, eds. All Music Guide to Jazz. Backbeat Books, 2002, p. 1011..
15. Balliett, Whitney. Jelly Roll, Jabbo, and Fats. Oxford University Press, US, 1984.
16. Shepherd, John, David Horn, Dave Laing, Paul Oliver and Peter Wicke. Locations - 5 vol. set. Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World. Part 1, Performance and Production, Volume II. London: Bloomsbury, 2003. 180.
17. Griffiths, David. Hot Jazz: From Harlem to Storyville. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1998. 113.
18. Smith, Thérèse. "Lyrical Protest. Music in the History of African American Culture." Human Bondage in the Cultural Contact Zone. Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Slavery and Its Discourses (2010): 257.
19. Weston, Randy, and Willard Jenkins. African Rhythms: The Autobiography of Randy Weston. Duke University Press, 2015.
20. Gitler, Ira. "Randy Weston." Down Beat 31.6 (1964).
21. Bogdanov, Vladimir, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine. All Music Guide: The Definitive Guide to Popular Music. San Francisco: Backbeat /All Media Guide, 2001. 1425.
22. sanjuanletran (2017-01-06). "The Fourteenth Panama Jazz Festival Dedicated to Violeta Green". The Silver People Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2017-06-02.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

External links

• Official site

1. Mercer, Michelle (2018-01-30). "Scope of Panama Jazz Festival Expands". DownBeat. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
2. Jazz, All About. "The Panama Jazz Festival has evolved into the perfect model of an event that places equal emphasis on performance and education". All About Jazz. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
3. De Rogatis, Rita Delgado (January 22, 2018). "Panama Jazz Festival 2018 ended awarding music grants". Panama Today. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
4. Worrell, Carolina (November 8, 2016). "Panama Jazz Festival to Receive Annual Funding in 2018". Jazz Times. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
5. Holston, Mark (June 2012). "Annual Panamá Jazz Fest Puts Accent on Education" (PDF). Latin Beat Magazine. Retrieved March 15, 2018.