Overmodelled skull

An overmodelled skull is a skull covered with various materials to reconstruct the appearance of a human head. This technique of art and religion is described in many countries throughout the ages.

Origins

A custom that has existed since the Neolithic era, it is widespread in Oceania and the Near East.[1] It originated as a cult of ancestors and consists of covering the dry skull with a plastic material, such as earth, clay, ash, plaster or lime.[2] Skulls can be embellished with pigments, jewellery etc. Sometimes, skulls of animals are also over-modelled.[3]

gollark: Oh, and lots of things (particularly computing equipment) are usable for fun *and* work purposes.
gollark: As another example, I spend a nontrivial amount of money on removing small and cheap-to-fix inconveniences from my life (for example, finally getting a mouse as it's nicer than my laptop's trackpad in some ways, getting lots of spare USB cables so I don't have to deal with moving them around, buying pens in boxes of 50-100 so that I can just give them away). Obviously I don't *have* to do that, but I would be inconvenienced and somewhat less productive if I didn't.
gollark: Recreational stuff is somewhat necessary in that you probably need to do fun things to maintain a good mental state, which you need to do things.
gollark: You can't really distinguish them nicely.
gollark: That doesn't seem right. At all. In any way.

References
  1. Ergul Kodas, Le surmodelage du crâne au Néolithique au Proche-Orient : Approche contextuelle, funéraire et visuelle, Tiempo y sociedad, Num. 18, 2015, pp. 5-45
  2. Fanny Bocquentin, Après la mort, avant l’oubli. Les crânes surmodelés du Levant sud
  3. Anthony JP Meyer, Oceanic Art, Könemann, 1995, p.382

Articles annexes

Bibliography
  • Alain Nicolas, Art papou, Nouvelles Éditions Scala, Paris, 2000 & L'art papou : Austronésiens et Papous de Nouvelle-Guinée (catalogue d'exposition, Musée de Marseille, 2000.
  • Maxime Rovere, Magali Melandri, Rouge kwoma : peintures mythiques de Nouvelle-Guinée : exposition, Paris, Musée du quai Branly, 14 octobre 2008-4 janvier 2009, Réunion des musées nationaux : Musée du quai Branly, Paris, 2009, ISBN 978-2-915133-93-6.
  • Objets de pouvoir en Nouvelle-Guinée (in French). Saint-Germain-en-Laye: Réunion des musées nationaux : musée d'Archéologie nationale. 2006.
  • Anthony JP Meyer, Oceanic Art, Könemann, 1995.
  • Arthur C. Aufderheide, Overmodeled Skulls, Heide Press, 2009
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