Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy

Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), also called organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), is a neuropathy caused by killing of neurons in the central nervous system, especially in the spinal cord, as a result of acute or chronic organophosphate poisoning.

Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy
Other namesOrganophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy
SpecialtyNeurology

A striking example of OPIDN occurred during the 1930s Prohibition Era when thousands of men in the American South and Midwest developed arm and leg weakness and pain after drinking a "medicinal" alcohol substitute. The drink, called "Ginger Jake," contained an adulterated Jamaican ginger extract containing tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) which resulted in partially reversible neurologic damage. The damage resulted in the limping called "jake paralysis" – and also "jake leg" or "jake walk", which were terms frequently used in the blues music of the period. Europe and Morocco both experienced outbreaks of TOCP poisoning from contaminated abortifacients and cooking oil, respectively.[1][2]

The disorder may contribute to the chronic multisymptom illnesses of the Gulf War veterans[3][4], as well as aerotoxic syndrome (especially tricresyl phosphate poisoning)

The exact cause of the syndrome is unknown, although it has been associated with inhibition of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 (PNPLA6, aka neuropathy target esterase). There is no specific treatment, and recovery is usually incomplete, affecting only sensory nervous system, while motor neutopathy persists.[5]

See also

References
  1. Morgan, John P; Penovich, Patricia (August 1978). "Jamaica Ginger Paralysis: Forty-seven-year follow-up". Archives of Neurology. 35 (8): 530–532. doi:10.1001/archneur.1978.00500320050011. PMID 666613.
  2. Segalla, Spencer David (2012). "The 1959 Moroccan oil poisoning and US Cold War disaster diplomacy". The Journal of North African Studies. 17 (2): 315–36. doi:10.1080/13629387.2011.610118.
  3. Ehrich, Marion; Jortner, Bernard S (2010). "Organophosphorus-Induced Delayed Neuropathy". Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. pp. 1479–504. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00069-0. ISBN 978-0-12-374367-1.
  4. Qiang, D; Xie, X; Gao, Z (2017). "New insights into the organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 381: 153–4. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.451.
  5. "Cholinesterase Inhibitors - Organophosphate-Induced Delayed Neuropathy (OPIDN) | ATSDR - Environmental Medicine & Environmental Health Education - CSEM".


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