Onychomyrmex

Onychomyrmex is an Australian genus of ants in the subfamily Amblyoponinae.[2] Its three species are known from eastern Queensland, Australia. Although not true army ants, Onychomyrmex species display an army-ant life style, including group predation and nomadism.

Onychomyrmex
O. hedleyi worker from Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Hymenoptera
Family:
Formicidae
Subfamily:
Amblyoponinae
Tribe:
Amblyoponini
Genus:
Onychomyrmex

Emery, 1895
Type species
Onychomyrmex hedleyi
Emery, 1895
Diversity[1]
3 species

Distribution

The genus is known from Queensland, Australia, where it is found living mainly in rotten logs in the rainforests along the eastern coast. Their distribution may range into the northeastern New South Wales.[3] The type localities of the three species are: Kuranda (O. doddi), Mount Bellenden Ker (O. hedleyi) and Herberton (O. mjobergi).[4]

Description

Species have an army-ant life style, including group predation and nomadism.[5] Queens are similar to the true army ants (subfamily Dorylinae). That is, Onychomyrmex queens are dichthadiiform, having a broadened head, very small eyes, worker-like alitrunk without wings or sclerites, and an elongated bulky gaster. However, belonging to the tribe Amblyoponini, they are evidently amblyoponines and the army-ant like characters are deemed to have evolved through convergent evolution. Workers are more slender and have longer appendages than Amblyopone.[3]

Workers of O. hedleyi and O. doddi have been reported to forage in small groups en masse, like the true army ants.[3] O. hedleyi are predators of insects, mainly centipedes. Larger prey are not dismember at the prey site, instead nestmates are recruited to retrieve the prey in group. When prey too large to carry are encountered, the ants relocate their bivouac (a structure formed by migratory ants, constructed out of the body of living ant workers), up to 150 meters.[5]

Species
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References
  1. Bolton, B. (2014). "Onychomyrmex". AntCat. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  2. "Genus: Onychomyrmex". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  3. Brown, W. L., Jr. (1960). "Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. III. Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 122: 143–230.
  4. Taylor, R. W. (1987). "A checklist of the ants of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Division of Entomology Report. 41: 1–92.
  5. Miyata, Hiroki; Hirata, Masanori; Azuma, Noriko; Murakami, Takahiro; Higashi, Seigo (2009). "Army ant behaviour in the poneromorph hunting ant Onychomyrmex hedleyi Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Amblyoponinae)". Australian Journal of Entomology. 48 (1): 47–52. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.2008.00683.x.
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