Ocean Downs

Ocean Downs is a casino and harness racing track in Berlin, Maryland, near Ocean City. It is owned and operated by Churchill Downs Inc.

Casino at Ocean Downs
Location10218 Race Track Road Berlin, Maryland, U.S.
Coordinates38°21′8.5″N 75°9′50″W
Owned byChurchill Downs Inc.
Date openedJuly 25, 1949 (1949-07-25)
Race typeHarness racing
Notable racesMaryland Sire Stakes
Live racing handle $3,768,901 (2011)[1]
Attendance 77,466 (2011)[1]
Official website

Construction started in 1947 as a harness racetrack, and it opened in 1949 with Ocean Downs Racing Association (ODRA) as owner. After two failing years, ODRA began to speculate switching to thoroughbred racing, but that did not happen. In 1986, the Maryland Racing Commission was hesitant to approve race days at Ocean Downs due to the track's management, so the owners of Rosecroft Raceway, a competing harness track in Maryland, purchased Ocean Downs and renamed it Delmarva Downs.

In 1987, real estate developer Mark Vogel purchased the racetrack. Ocean Downs went into bankruptcy in 1991, however, and it was sold to Fred Weisman, a California entrepreneur. Weisman died in 1994, and the track was sold again to Cloverleaf Standardbred Owners Association (CSOA) with partnership from Bally Entertainment. After the purchase, the racetrack returned to the former name of Ocean Downs. Two years later, CSOA sold Ocean Downs to Bally Entertainment because the track continued to lose money, and Bally Entertainment expected slot machines to be legalized in the state. That did not happen, and William Rickman purchased Ocean Downs from Bally Entertainment in 2000. Maryland voters approved slot machines in 2008 for five locations, including Worcester County. In 2010, construction of a $45-million casino began, and it opened the following year.

History

The United States saw a nationwide surge of interest in harness racing in the 1940s, fueled largely by the addition of parimutuel betting, electric lights to allow night racing, and development of the mobile starting gate.[2] In 1947, the Maryland General Assembly (MGA) authorized up to 100 days per year of harness racing with no more than 20 racing days at one track.[3] The Ocean Downs Racing Association (ODRA), formed by a group of Eastern Shore promoters,[4] was one of 22 applicants to the Maryland Racing Commission (MRC) for harness racing licenses.[5] Four applications were approved: Ocean Downs, Laurel Raceway, Rosecroft Raceway, and Baltimore Raceway.[5]

Work on Ocean Downs began in November 1947, with plans to open the following summer,[6] but they were delayed due to construction difficulties.[7] Completed at a cost of $650,000,[8] Ocean Downs opened on July 25, 1949.[9] The track struggled initially, losing $85,000 in its first two seasons, owing to its remote location compared to the three other harness tracks.[5] The MGA attempted to help by raising the takeout three times in ten years. Rumors surfaced Ocean Downs might switch to thoroughbred racing, and an apparent schism over the idea led to the resignation of half of the board of directors in 1957.[10]

A 1969 newspaper advertisement for Ocean Downs

The racing seasons at Ocean Downs and the other harness tracks were continually extended over the years to keep pace with other mid-Atlantic tracks.[11] By 1984, harness racing was a year-round sport in Maryland, with Ocean Downs open from May to September.[12] In 1986, the MRC expressed grave concerns about the maintenance of Ocean Downs and said it might not approve the continued licensure of the track's management.[13] Under pressure, the track's president, John Howard Burbage, sold his 68 percent stake to Rosecroft Raceway for $2 million.[14][15] The track was renamed as Delmarva Downs the following year.[15] In 1987, real estate developer Mark Vogel bought Rosecroft Raceway, and Delmarva Downs along with it.[16] Vogel allegedly diverted funds from the tracks to support failed real estate ventures, and filed for bankruptcy after being arrested on drug charges.[17] California philanthropist Frederick Weisman bought the two tracks out of bankruptcy in 1991.[18]

Under Weisman's company, Colt Enterprises, the two tracks continued to fare poorly, losing a total of $4 million in two years, prompting Weisman to place both racetracks up for sale in 1993.[19] Weisman died the next year, and the trustees of his estate were reluctant to invest more money in the tracks, intensifying the need for a buyer.[20] An initial sale agreement was reached with the Cloverleaf Standardbred Owners Association, a group of 1,400 mid-Atlantic horsemen, for a total of $11 million, pending financing.[21] With the deal still pending, Delmarva did not open in May for the 1995 season.[22] Casino operator Bally Entertainment, hoping that Maryland would legalize slot machines at racetracks, entered with a $12 million offer for a controlling interest in the two tracks, with Cloverleaf buying a small stake.[22] Joe De Francis, president of Pimlico and Laurel Park, fearful of outside control of the state's racing industry, made a competing offer of a $1 million loan to help Cloverleaf complete its purchase.[22] The horsemen declined both offers, wary that Bally might have no need to continue racing after a casino were opened.[23] Instead, a deal was reached under which Bally lent Cloverleaf $10.8 million to buy the tracks, and agreed to operate the tracks for seven years, with an option to purchase a 50 percent share if slots were legalized.[24] Delmarva reopened under its new ownership in July.[25]

Management changed the name back to Ocean Downs in 1996, stating that "nobody related to the name of Delmarva", and that it was sometimes confused with Del Mar Racetrack.[26] By late 1996, Cloverleaf was losing $1.2 million annually, mostly at Ocean Downs, and the horsemen were unhappy with Bally's management of Rosecroft.[27] Two months of negotiations were held over restructuring Cloverleaf's debts, selling Ocean Downs to Bally, and turning over operation of Rosecroft to Cloverleaf.[28] A competing offer for the two tracks came from William Rickman, owner of Delaware Park, and De Francis expressed interest as well.[29] A deal was finally reached, which included Bally buying Ocean Downs for $2 million, and agreeing to continue live racing there, contingent on certain legislative relief.[28] The sale was completed in May 1997.[30]

Bally quickly "launched a war" against the state's thoroughbred racetracks, ending its simulcasting of thoroughbred races, and proposing to open an off-track betting parlor in Hagerstown without sharing revenues with the other tracks.[31][32] That proposal was rejected by the Racing Commission, and a new simulcast agreement was reached in April 1998, prompting De Francis to remark that the two sides were finally "working in a peaceful and cooperative manner".[33][34]

In 2000, Rickman agreed to buy Ocean Downs from Bally for $5.1 million, including $2.5 million to be put in escrow to cover the track's operating costs.[35] Cloverleaf initially exercised a right of first refusal that it had negotiated as part of the sale to Bally, to be financed by a loan from the Maryland Jockey Club.[36] Cloverleaf and MJC had partnered in a statewide revenue sharing agreement, and hoped to protect their monopoly on Maryland racing, but after performing due diligence, decided the track was losing too much money, and needed too many capital improvements.[37] They stepped aside, and Rickman completed the purchase.

Maryland voters in 2008 approved a referendum to allow slot machines at five casinos, with one license allotted to Worcester County.[38] Ocean Downs was the only applicant for the spot and was approved for 800 machines.[39][40] The casino opened in January 2011 with 750 machines.[41]

Ocean Downs announced a planned 50,000-square-foot expansion in September 2013, to include ten table games and a new restaurant.[42] Table games had been authorized in Maryland casinos by a 2012 referendum.[43] The expansion opened in December 2017.[44]

In January 2017, Rickman sold the track to a joint venture of Churchill Downs, Inc. and Saratoga Casino Holdings.[45][46] Churchill Downs took full ownership of Ocean Downs in September 2018, swapping its 25 percent stake in Saratoga for Saratoga's 50 percent stake in the track.[47]

Notes
  1. Maryland Racing Commission 2011, p. 15
  2. Walsh, Jack (June 20, 1948). "Pari-Mutuel Harness Racing Starts Tomorrow at Laurel". The Washington Post. p. C1. ProQuest 151997946.  – via ProQuest (subscription required)
  3. "Harness Men May Boycott Md. Tracks". The Washington Post. Associated Press. May 23, 1947. p. 14. ProQuest 151928384.  – via ProQuest (subscription required)
  4. "Harness Group Seeks License". The Washington Post. Associated Press. August 21, 1947. p. 17. ProQuest 151939445.  – via ProQuest (subscription required)
  5. Maloy, Richard (November 15, 1953). "Md. Union of Harness Racing and Politics". The Washington Post. p. M1. ProQuest 152571889.  – via ProQuest (subscription required)
  6. "Work to Start at Ocean Downs". The Washington Post. Associated Press. November 15, 1947. p. 15. ProQuest 151979058.
  7. "Ocean City's Track Waits until 1949". The Washington Post. Associated Press. March 18, 1948. p. B4. ProQuest 152056159.
  8. "At Ocean City, Md.: New track ready". Washington Post. June 12, 1949. ProQuest 152186562. (subscription required)
  9. "Ocean Downs opens tonight". Washington Post. AP. July 25, 1949. ProQuest 152198862. (subscription required)
  10. "Trot failure pointed out by Rinehart". Washington Post. AP. August 13, 1958. ProQuest 149086625. (subscription required)
  11. Asher, Mark (May 10, 1983). "Md. acts to protect harness racing". Washington Post. ProQuest 147617842. (subscription required)
  12. "Maryland announces 1984 harness dates". Washington Post. November 18, 1983. ProQuest 147557302. (subscription required)
  13. Florio, Clem (January 11, 1986). "Ocean Downs told again it may lose dates". Washington Post. ProQuest 138922586. (subscription required)
  14. Nowakowski, Jack (April 10, 1986). "Rosecroft buys interest in Ocean Downs". Washington Post. ProQuest 138807610. (subscription required)
  15. Nowakowski, Jack (September 13, 1987). "Rosecroft reports offer to purchase". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  16. Perrone, Vinnie (December 24, 1987). "California sojourn of Ten Keys extended". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  17. "Vogel's Real Estate Partnership Files for Bankruptcy Protection". The Free Lance-Star. Associated Press. September 27, 1990. p. 33. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  18. Nowakowski, Jack (October 29, 1991). "Rosecroft's new owners unroll carpet". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  19. Perrone, Vinne (September 15, 1994). "Owner of Rosecroft, Delmarva dies". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  20. Perrone, Vinnie (January 27, 1995). "Horsemen bid for harness tracks". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  21. Perrone, Vinnie (February 9, 1995). "Horsemen's association nears purchase of tracks". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  22. Perrone, Vinnie (May 15, 1995). "De Francis offers horsemen loan to buy harness tracks". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  23. Perrone, Vinnie (May 23, 1995). "Harness horsemen mull offers". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  24. Perrone, Vinnie (June 30, 1995). "Maryland board approves sale". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  25. Perrone, Vinnie (July 4, 1995). "Delmarva on schedule". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved 2012-06-11. (subscription required)
  26. Nowakowski, Jack (April 11, 1996). "Ocean Downs returns". Washington Post. via HighBeam. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved 2012-06-12. (subscription required)
  27. Morgan, Jon (October 25, 1996). "Bally gambling on slots at Maryland racetracks". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  28. Baker, Kent (December 14, 1996). "Bally's, Cloverleaf reach deal". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  29. Baker, Kent (December 13, 1996). "Rosecroft, Ocean Downs are set to change owners, but to whom is uncertain". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  30. Stewart, Mark (May 29, 1997). "B Sports Roundup". Washington Times. via NewsBank. Retrieved 2012-06-12. (subscription required)
  31. Waldron, Thomas W. (July 27, 1997). "Racing fears Bally's plans for new OTB". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  32. Keyser, Tom (July 10, 1997). "Bally's seeks OTB facility". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  33. Baker, Kent (November 6, 1997). "Commission rejects bid by Bally's to construct off-track betting parlor". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  34. Keyser, Tom (April 19, 1998). "Simulcast agreement". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  35. Wheeler, Timothy B. (June 10, 2000). "Ocean Downs sale is likely". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  36. Keyser, Tom (June 23, 2000). "Ex-owner to buy back racetrack". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  37. Keyser, Tom (July 29, 2000). "Track owner gains entry". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  38. Smitherman, Laura; Dechter, Gadi (November 5, 2008). "Md. Voters Give OK to 15,000 Slots". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  39. Gadi Dechter; Julie Bykowicz; Laura Smitherman (February 4, 2009). "2 slots bidders did not pay fees". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
  40. Bykowicz, Julie (September 24, 2009). "First slots parlor wins OK". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
  41. White, Brian (January 4, 2011). "Maryland Opens 2nd Slots Parlor at $45M Cost". Bloomberg LP. Associated Press. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
  42. Yvonne Wenger (September 19, 2013). "Penn National clears a hurdle needed to bid for Prince George's casino". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  43. Nancy Powell (November 30, 2012). "Table games at Ocean Downs to be decided soon". Bayside Gazette. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  44. Shelton, Reed (January 3, 2018). "Ocean Downs now offers Texas Hold 'em, craps, blackjack and more". The Daily Times. Salisbury, MD. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  45. "Churchill, Saratoga announce joint venture to purchase Maryland racetrack, casino" (Press release). Churchill Downs, Inc. August 2, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-02 – via Paulick Report.
  46. "Churchill Downs, Saratoga Casino complete acquisition of Ocean Downs" (Press release). Churchill Downs, Inc. January 4, 2017. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  47. "Churchill Downs Incorporated announces closing of acquisition of remaining 50% ownership of Ocean Downs in exchange for its 25% interest in Saratoga Casino Hotel and Saratoga Casino Black Hawk" (Press release). Churchill Downs Inc. September 4, 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-01 – via GlobeNewswire.
gollark: It was designed to allow variable-sized metadata blocks instead of the fixed 8192B of before, which in retrospect was not hugely useful, so the start/end are how far *after the metadata region* each thing is.
gollark: Something like `{"tracks": [{"title": "bee movie full soundtrack", "start": 0, "end": 600000}] }`, while odd-looking, is valid JSON.
gollark: All the parser implementations around should accept that as valid, and you can use a fixed amount of size.
gollark: Okay, very hacky but technically workable: have an XTMF metadata block of a fixed size, and after the actual JSON data, instead of just ending it with a `}`, have enough spaces to fill up the remaining space then a `}`.
gollark: XTMF was not really designed for this use case, so it'll be quite hacky. What you can do is leave a space at the start of the tape of a fixed size, and stick the metadata at the start of that fixed-size region; the main problem is that start/end locations are relative to the end of the metadata, not the start of the tape, so you'll have to recalculate the offsets each time the metadata changes size. Unfortunately, I just realized now that the size of the metadata can be affected by what the offset is.

References
  • Maryland Racing Commission (2011). Ninety-Second Annual Report (PDF) (Report). Maryland Racing Commission. Retrieved September 18, 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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