Objectivity/DB

Objectivity/DB is a commercial object database produced by Objectivity, Inc. It allows applications to make standard C++, C#, Java, or Python objects persistent without having to convert the data objects into the rows and columns used by a relational database management system (RDBMS). Objectivity/DB supports the most popular object oriented languages plus SQL/ODBC and XML. It runs on Linux, Macintosh, UNIX and Windows platforms. All of the languages and platforms interoperate, with the Objectivity/DB kernel taking care of compiler and hardware platform differences.

History

Objectivity/DB was first sold in 1990. The C++ and Java interfaces for Objectivity/DB incorporate the features defined in the ODMG'93 standard. [1] The C# and Python interfaces were added subsequently.

Architectural features

Objectivity/DB is a distributed database that provides a single logical view across a federation of databases distributed across the network. It uses a distributed computing model that links a small software library with the client application. The client transparently communicates with remote servers that are functionally simpler than their equivalents in centralized database server architectures. There are lock, remote data transfer and query agent server processes. The distributed architecture helps make Objectivity/DB inherently scalable [2] and reliable. It has sustained ingest rates in excess of one terabyte per hour while simultaneously supporting data fusion and query operations. [3]

Objectivity/DB uses a distributed storage hierarchy. Objects are stored in logical clusters called containers. The containers are stored in databases that are cataloged in a federated database. Every object has a unique 64-bit Object Identifier (OID) that is a composite logical structure. The physical address space limitation for a single federation is in the millions of Terabytes range. The largest publicized Objectivity/DB installation, at SLAC's BaBar experiment, stored over a Petabyte of objects.[4][5]

Objectivity/DB provides a flexible approach for defining how objects are placed within a given storage hierarchy. [6] Database designers can define a custom placement strategy that is encapsulated in an XML configuration file and made available to the application. This strategy can define which persistent objects are stored together, which are distributed, and which are stored near designated objects.

Objects can be linked to other objects using named uni-directional or bi-directional links. The links can have a cardinality of 1:1, 1:many, many:1 or many:many and use the OIDs to speed up the navigation of networks of objects. [7] The OIDs are also used in support of scalable collections (tree, list, set etc.), indices and hash tables. Eliminating the relational Join operations inherent in a relational database gives Objectivity/DB a performance advantage. [8] [9] [10]

Objectivity/DB is also different from RDBMSs in the way in which it handles queries. The application declares and initializes an iterator that locates and returns qualified objects as soon as they are located. The Objectivity/DB Parallel Query Engine splits queries into subtasks directed at individual databases or containers. Remote query agents service each subtask and return results to the iterator. The Parallel Query Engine has two replaceable components: a splitter that can determine how to best subdivide the task and a filter in the query agent that can further refine a query. A query involving cities in Europe might be split into forty nine subtasks, one for each country. The filter might access an external data source before qualifying or disqualifying the objects that the Query Agent has found in the Objectivity/DB database or container.

Databases and system data (catalogs and schema) can be replicated to multiple locations using a quorum based synchronous replication mechanism. Replicas that are temporarily separated from the quorum are transparently resynchronized when they are reconnected to the network that services them and their peers. Individual databases and lock servers can be allocated votes that are used to determine whether or not a client can update a replica.

The distributed database and processing architecture of Objectivity/DB has allowed it to be used in many grid computing environments. It has attained certification as an IBM Ready For Grid product. It is also used in Service Oriented Architecture applications. Objectivity For Java has support for the J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA) standard. The distributed architecture of Objectivity/DB is equally applicable to cloud environments. [11]

Typical applications

Objectivity/DB is generally used in data intensive or real-time applications that manipulate highly complex, inter-related data. It may be embedded in a software or hardware product or used as a part of commercial, scientific or government project.

Early deployments were primarily in Computer-Aided Design and engineering applications. In the early 1990s a number of telecom equipment manufacturers started embedding Objectivity/DB in advanced intelligent network and element management systems. Notable deployments have included the wireless SprintPCS and the Iridium low Earth orbit satellite networks. A number of process control, manufacturing and medical instrumentation systems incorporate Objectivity/DB because of its real-time performance and high availability.

Defense contractors and large science projects started using Objectivity/DB in the late 1990s. The government applications cover command and control, security, data fusion and intelligence applications. Objectivity/DB has been used in astrophysics, high energy physics, fusion, earth sciences, hydrography and bioinformatics applications. Most of these applications build and manipulate extremely large (multi-Petabyte) databases.

The choice of an RDBMS or an ODBMS depends on many factors. An ODBMS can be ideal in a compute or data intensive object oriented system. However, if an RDBMS can comfortably meet the functional and performance requirements of an application with the available programming resources then there is probably no need to consider an ODBMS.

gollark: <@352760312203575306> Computers can read tapes, then transmit the data along to other tape drives to be played, but I don't think you can do this in real time.
gollark: You mean the tape thingies? Sort of.
gollark: Oh. String.format. right.
gollark: How did CC break *multiplication*?!
gollark: Finally fixed in PS#4F329133.

References
  1. R. G. Cattell; Douglas K. Barry; Mark Berler; Mark Berler; Jeff Eastman; David Jordan; Craig Russell; Olaf Schadow; Torsten Stanienda; Fernando Velez (January 2000). Object Data Standard: ODMG 3.0. Academic Press. ISBN 1558606475. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  2. "Georgetown University taps Objectivity for Big Data research". Government Security News. May 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  3. "Scaling Objectivity Database Performance with Panasas® Scale-Out NAS Storage" (PDF). August 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  4. Lessons Learned from Managing a Petabyte Jacek Becla and Daniel L. Wang, 2005
  5. BaBar Database
  6. Angela Guess (February 6, 2013). "Objectivity Launches Objectivity/DB 11.0". DATAVERSITY. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  7. Philip Howard (May 29, 2012). "Objectivity and InfiniteGraph". Bloor. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  8. Suzanne W. Dietrich; Susan D. Urban (2011), Fundamentals of Object Databases, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, p. 2, ISBN 9781608454761, retrieved December 3, 2014
  9. Alan Dearle; Roberto V. Zicari, eds. (2010), Objects and Databases, Third International Conference Proceedings, ICOODB, Springer, p. 34, ISBN 3642160913, retrieved December 3, 2014
  10. C.S.R Prabhu (2011), Object-Oriented Database Systems - Approaches and Architecture, Third Edition, Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, p. 67, ISBN 9788120340930, retrieved December 3, 2014
  11. "Objectivity: Complex Data-Management, Simplified". Neovise. 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
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