Nury Halmammedov

Nury Halmammedov (Turkmen: Nury Halmämmedow, also Nury Halmämmet, Russian: Нуры Халмамедов) (20 June 1938 – 4 August 1983)[1][2] was a prominent Turkmen composer described as one of Turkmenistan's "greatest sons".[3] His legacy has been commemorated with anniversary events in Turkmenistan and Russia.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

Nury Halmammedov
Background information
Birth nameNurmamed Halmamedov
Born(1938-06-20)20 June 1938
Daýna village, Kara-Kalinsk district, Turkmen SSR
Died4 August 1983(1983-08-04) (aged 45)
Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR
Genresclassical
Occupation(s)Composer
InstrumentsPianoforte
Years active1956-1983
Bust of Nury Halmammedov in Dayna village. Photo courtesy of Infoabad, used with permission.

Early childhood and education

Nury Halmammedov was born on 20 June 1938 in Daýna village near Baherden, Turkmenistan, to Halmämed Baýlyew and Hangül-Eje Mamedaliýewa.[2][5][10] He had a very difficult childhood. According to Jemile Gurbanowa's biography of Halmamedov, his mother died in 1944, and his father moved to Iran with two of the family's four sons, Begmamed and Ashyrberdi, abandoning Nury, his 17-year-old brother, Bayly, and older sister, Artyk. Nury's memories of this time were grim. He recounted at one point,

Since in my childhood I drank cloudy water from an irrigation ditch and lived off the grasses growing along its banks, by age 4 or 5 my belly swelled up and was elastic, like a ball. Because of my round stomach I couldn't see my own feet.[11]

Bayly committed Nury to the Kara Kala orphanage. In 1947 Nury was transferred to the Baherden boarding school. In 1948 little Nury ran away from the boarding school, boarded a train with three rubles in hand intending to go to Moscow, but ended up in Ashgabat.[12][13] When discovered by authorities, since he had no papers and could not identify his parents, he was sent to the Baýramaly orphanage. Here he encountered a piano teacher, Olga Krivchenko, and began studying piano.[2][14]

In 1954, Halmammedov was transferred to Turkmen State Music School in Ashgabat, where he studied under Viktor Khiruntsev and Elena Kulesh. At this school he was introduced to composition by Ashir Kuliyev, and wrote his first piece, "Dance", for piano. Other compositions during this period include "March", "Play", and "Reminisces", as well as pieces for cello and violin with piano.[2][15]

In 1958 he entered Moscow State P. I. Tchaikovsky Conservatory, graduating in 1963.[3][14] His major adviser was Anatoly Alexandrov, who described Halmammedov as "...devilishly talented..." and "a gifted rarity".[15] While at the conservatory Halmammedov wrote about 30 songs, romances, and choral works, including romances based on the works of Magtymguly Pyragy and Mollanepes. Halmamedov wrote a major piano work during this period, Sounds of the Dutar, published in 1962 and dedicated to the prominent Turkmen dutarist Mylly Tachmyradov.[13][16] His graduation project was the symphonic portrait "Turkmenia", which premiered at his graduation examination in 1963, performed by the All-Union Radio and Television Great Symphony Orchestra. It was his first symphonic composition.[2]

Career

Halmammedov published at least 175 works between 1956 and his death in 1983. These included musical scores for 30 motion pictures, including 9 animated films, 18 art films, and 3 documentaries.[17][18] The first of these scores was for Bulat Masurov's 1963 film, Contest. The score for Alty Garlyev's Decisive Step followed in 1965. Halmammedov additionally put verse to music, including poetry by Gurbannazar Ezizov, as well as Sergey Esenin and Heinrich Heine. He composed the music for the 1974 opera Görogly.[2] Halmammedov wrote over 40 works for pianoforte. He wrote the libretto and score for the 1983 ballet version of Decisive Step, which was performed at the Magtymguly Theater in Ashgabat.[13]

Halmammedov died in Ashgabat of cirrhosis of the liver and complications of diabetes.[19] He is buried at the Vatutin Cemetery there.

Grave marker of Turkmen composer Nury Halmammedov, located at Vatutin Cemetery, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

Legacy

A street in Ashgabat is named in Halmammedov's honor, and a statue of him stands at the western end of that street.[20] A bust of Halmammedov also stands in his home village, Daýna.[21] An annual music festival in Moscow is held in Halmammedov's honor.[22]

Musical Style

Aleksandrov told Halmammedov when handing him his diploma upon graduation from the conservatory that he should continue to study Turkmen folk music but also should listen as often as possible to other music. In Çerkezowa's words, Halmammedov took this advice and learned he could "find points of contact" between two completely different genres and "harmonically merging two miracles, he created a third."[15]

Halmammedov's work was noted for incorporating elements from both the Turkmen folk musical heritage and the broader classical tradition as taught at the Moscow conservatory.[23] Turkmen singer Medeniýet Şahberdiýewa, who performed many of his works, remarked, "The rhythms of Nury's works are Turkmen, but the harmony belongs to world musical culture."[24]

Vasiliy Larionov noted that Halmammedov's Persian Motifs applied a plot progression characteristic of Turkmen folk dessans: "The action is interpreted in a generalized emotional manner, action is shaped less by the progression of events than by their internal psychological interaction."[13]

Musicologist Jemile Gurbanowa noted the influences of early Franz Schubert on Halmammedov's vocal works, of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Aram Khachaturian on his symphonic works, of Robert Schumann on piano pieces, and of Franz Liszt and Sergei Rachmaninoff on romantic works. She noted as well, however, that national folklore remained his "primary inspiration."[25] Çerkezowa cites film producer Yevgeny Mikhelson's description of Halmammedov's score for one of his animated features, "...the national tone...which ran like a red thread through his entire composition."[26] Soprano and musicologist Darya Rubanova wrote,

One of the principles seen in Halmammedov's musical compositions is singular intonational development, a characteristic feature of professional folk instrumentalism. National peculiarities are most clearly reflected in the melody, which performs an important emotional and semantic function. In [his] works...are organically intertwined song and dance, vocal, and instrumental principles. A peculiar refraction is found in various polyrhythmic forms, borrowed from the practice of folk instrumental performance.[27]

The program brochure for the III Moscow International Nury Halmammedov Festival noted, "His music is so naturally and durably woven into the everyday life of the Turkmen people that mothers sing "Lullaby" from Decisive Step to their children, not even suspecting that this music isn't a folk song. Or another example: when someone dies, he is accompanied on his final journey by Halmammedov's mournful melody from the film Bitter Fate".[28]

Personal life

Halmammedov was married twice. He had three children by his first wife, sons Röwşen and Sapar, and daughter Leýli. His second wife and widow was Gülsoltan Klyçewna Halmämmedowa née Ýagmurowa (Russian: Гульсолтан Клычевна Халмамедова), who for many years headed Turkmenfilm. They had a son, Aşyrberdi. Gülsoltan Halmämmedowa died in August 2019.[29]

Awards
  • 1979 Meritorious Arts Activist of Turkmenistan
  • 1983 Turkmenistan State Magtymguly Prize (posthumously)
  • 1984 USSR State Prize (posthumously)
  • 1991 People's Artist of Turkmenistan (posthumously)[2]

Discography
  • Turkmenia Suite (сюита "Туркмения"), Melodiya, 1967[17]
  • Turkmenia Suite (сюита "Туркмения"), Sovetskiy kompozitor, 1968[17]
  • Tuýduk (Туйдук), 1981, C30-16287[13]
  • Symphony in E-minor (Симфония: ми-минор), 1983, M10 46181 008[13]
  • Interrupted Songs of Children of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Недослушанные пести детей Хиросимы и Нагасаки), 1983, C 10 21689 003[13]
  • Quartet for Two Violins, Viola, and Cello (Кватет для 2-х скрипок, альта, виолончели), 1985, C 10 23097 001[13]
  • Plays for Pianoforte (Пьесы для фортепиано), undated, C 10 23403 007[13]
  • To You (К тебе), 1984, C 1022353 009[13]
  • Songs of Nury Halmammedov (Песни Нуры Халмаммедова), 1980-1985, C 60 28203 008[13]
  • Ashgabat (Ашгабат), undated, 60-13215[13]
  • Spring (Бахар), undated, D 00023193[13]
  • Two Trees (Два дерева), 1975-1986, C 60 27897002[13]
  • Enchantment (Очарование, Хайрана галар), 1984, C 60 23017 004[13]
  • Artyk's Song from the Motion Picture 'Decisive Step' (Песня Артыка из кинофильма "Решающий шаг"), undated, D 23151[13]
  • Saňa garaşýan, undated, M 61 36368[13]
  • Heart of the Poet (Сердце поэта, Şahyr ýüregi, 1980-1985, C 60 2803 008[13]
  • Song About Lenin (Lenin hakynda aýdym), undated, C 30 09001[13]
  • Ballad of Fate (Keçpelek, Баллада о судьбе), 1980, C 60-14789-90[13]

Motion Picture Soundtracks

Animated Films
  1. Öýsüz goňurja
  2. Dostlar
  3. Başagaýlyk
  4. Üç dogan we ýaşyl aždarha
  5. Tilki dost, halyň niçik?
  6. Körpe we çörek
  7. Tomzak we garynja
  8. Pil hakda jedel
  9. Düýe name üçin ýandak iýýär?

Feature Films
  1. Şükür bagşy
  2. Çöl
  3. Aýgytly ädim
  4. Magtymguly
  5. Ofiser walsy
  6. Japbaklar
  7. Mukamyň syry
  8. Geçigaplaň
  9. Kärizgenler
  10. Tejene baryp ýetmek
  11. Kakam gaýdyp geler
  12. Dik aýak
  13. Keçpelek
  14. Atabaýew
  15. Serdar
  16. Ýürek sowgat üçin
  17. Guşgy galasy
  18. Gorkak batyr

Documentaries
  1. Men we meniň doganlarym
  2. Sahawatly deňiz
  3. Güneşiň astyndaky duşuşyk[30]
gollark: Renewables are not energy dense, need vast amounts of batteries to be any good, and take tons of energy to produce in the first place.
gollark: Nationalised healthcare possibly not good?
gollark: Nuclear power good, "renewables" often actually really stupid?
gollark: As opposed to sales taxes etc.
gollark: Um. Land value tax good?

References
  1. Kamev, Andre (2005). Le Turkménistan. KARTHALA. p. 150. ISBN 2-84586-632-1.
  2. Gurbanowa, Jemile (2014). Nury Halmämmet. Ylym.
  3. Najibullah, Farangis (24 February 2010). "Turkmenistan (Fails To) Mark Greatest Musical Son's 70th Birthday". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  4. Achilov, Agajan (December 2007). "Let My Music Talk For Me". Government of Turkmenistan.
  5. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 38.
  6. Первый Московский международный фестиваль туркменской классической музыки "Звуки дутара" имени Нуры Халмамедова, 31 марта 2015
  7. СРОКИ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ II ФЕСТИВАЛЯ
  8. "Пианистка Бахар Аннадурдыева стала лауреатом V Московского Международного фестиваля-конкурса «Звуки дутара» имени Нуры Халмамедова" (in Russian). Infoabad. 14 November 2019.
  9. Осипова, Елена (23 November 2019). "ПЯТЫЙ ФЕСТИВАЛЬ «ЗВУКИ ДУТАРА»" (in Russian). Музыкальный Клондайк.
  10. Gurbanowa and Çerkezowa put Halmammedov's birth date as June 20, 1938, based on an original birth certificate discovered, in Çerkezowa's words, "not long ago", and which is reproduced on page 38 of her book. According to this birth certificate, his given name at birth was Nurmamed (Russian: Нурмамед). His grave marker in Vatutin Cemetery, Ashgabat, erroneously lists his birth date as 24.II.1940, or February 24, 1940, based on an estimate made by officials at the Baýramaly orphanage, who issued him a substitute birth certificate, as they did not know where he was born. Mistaken references to November 24, 1940, appear to confuse the Roman numerals II (2, for the second month, February) with the Arabic numerals 11.
  11. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 109.
  12. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 91. The anecdote about three rubles and Halmammedov's intent to travel to Moscow was also shared at the 2018 premiere in Ashgabat of selections from his orchestral score for the opera version of Decisive Step.
  13. Ларионов, Василий (1995). Композитор Нуры Халмəммедов. Ashgabat: Damana.
  14. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 130.
  15. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 106.
  16. ""Звуки Дутара"--Теплые Дни Московкой Осени" ["Sounds of the Dutar"--Warm Days of Moscow's Autumn] (in Russian). 2017 (10 (179)). Moscow. October 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  17. Жавроников, Б.; Ларионов, В. (1982). Композиторы и музыковеды Туркменистана. Ashgabat: Издательство "Туркменистан". p. 272.
  18. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 111.
  19. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 112.
  20. "Mapillary photo of Nury Halmammedov statue in Ashgabat".
  21. Glazunova, Tamara (26 June 2018). "Фестиваль, посвященный Нуры Халмамедову, прошел с огромным успехом". Infoabad.
  22. "Звуки Дутара".
  23. Brummell, Paul (2006). Turkmenistan: the Bradt travel guide. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 54. ISBN 1-84162-144-7.
  24. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 99.
  25. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 107.
  26. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 108.
  27. Рубанова, Дарья (2017). Магистерская диссертация по искусствоведению, ТЕМА ДЕТСТВА В ДЕТСКИХ ВОКАЛЬНЫХ ЦИКЛАХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ Н. ХАЛМАМЕДОВА "НЕДОСЛУШАННЫК ПЕСНИ ДЕТЕЙ ХИРОСИМЫ И НАГАСАКИ") (in Russian). Moscow: Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации.
  28. Звуки Дутара: III Московскай Международный Фестиваль имени Нуры Халмамедова. 31 October 2017.
  29. Степанская, Лора; Гусейнов, Мамед (17 August 2019). "Памяти Гульсолтан Халмамедовой" (in Russian). Infoabad.
  30. Çerkezowa, Parahat (2013). Nury Halmämmedow. Ylym. p. 71.
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