Nothobranchius

Nothobranchius is a genus of small, freshwater killifish, classified in either the family Nothobranchiidae[1][2] or a more inclusive Aplocheilidae [3] in the order Cyprinodontiformes. There are many species: as of 2018 there are more than 70 species, many with very small distributions.[1] They are primarily native to East Africa from Sudan to northern South Africa, but half a dozen species are found in the upper Congo River Basin and two species (N. rubroreticulatus and N. thierryi) are from west-central Africa; the greatest species richness is in Tanzania.

Nothobranchius
Nothobranchius rachovii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Family: Nothobranchiidae
Genus: Nothobranchius
Peters, 1868
Type species
Cyprinodon orthonotus
(Peters, 1844)
Synonyms

Adiniops Myers, 1924
Fundulosoma Ahl, 1924
Zononothobranchius Radda, 1969
Aphyobranchius Wildekamp, 1977
Paranothobranchius Seegers, 1985

Nothobranchius typically inhabit ephemeral pools that are filled only during the monsoon season, and show extreme life-history adaptations to survive the dry season. When their habitats dry up, the adult fish die and the eggs survive encased in the clay during the dry season. The embryos survive the dry season by entering diapause, facilitated by their specialized eggs that have a very hard chorion and are resistant to desiccation and hypoxia.[4] These species reach maturity very quickly once diapause is broken and have a very short life span; one species, Nothobranchius furzeri, reaches maturity in 17 days and seldom lives beyond 6 months.[4]

Etymology

Greek "nothos": false, spurious, and "branchia": gill.

Species
Nothobranchius flammicomantis, male
Nothobranchius kilomberoensis, male
Nothobranchius korthausae pair, female in foreground
Nothobranchius polli, male

There are currently 75 recognized species in this genus:[1]

  • Nothobranchius albimarginatus Watters, Wildekamp & B. J. Cooper, 1998
  • Nothobranchius annectens Watters, Wildekamp & B. J. Cooper, 1998
  • Nothobranchius bellemansi Valdesalici, 2014 [5]
  • Nothobranchius bojiensis Wildekamp & R. Haas, 1992 (Boji Plains nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius boklundi Valdesalici, 2010
  • Nothobranchius brieni Poll, 1938
  • Nothobranchius capriviensis Watters, Wildekamp & Shidlovskiy, 2015 (Caprivi nothobranchius) [6]
  • Nothobranchius cardinalis Watters, B. J. Cooper & Wildekamp, 2008 (Cardinal nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius chochamandai Nagy, 2014 [7]
  • Nothobranchius ditte Nagy, 2018[8]
  • Nothobranchius eggersi Seegers, 1982
  • Nothobranchius elongatus Wildekamp, 1982 (Elongate nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius fasciatus Wildekamp & R. Haas, 1992
  • Nothobranchius flagrans Nagy, 2014 [9]
  • Nothobranchius flammicomantis Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 1998
  • Nothobranchius foerschi Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979
  • Nothobranchius furzeri R. A. Jubb, 1971 (Turquoise killifish)
  • Nothobranchius fuscotaeniatus Seegers, 1997
  • Nothobranchius geminus Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 2002
  • Nothobranchius guentheri (Pfeffer, 1893) (Red-tail nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius hassoni Valdesalici & Wildekamp, 2004
  • Nothobranchius hengstleri Valdesalici, 2007
  • Nothobranchius insularis W. J. E. M. Costa, 2017 [10]
  • Nothobranchius interruptus Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979 (Kikambala nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius ivanovae Valdesalici, 2012 [11]
  • Nothobranchius janpapi Wildekamp, 1977
  • Nothobranchius jubbi Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979
  • Nothobranchius kadleci Reichard, 2010 [12]
  • Nothobranchius kafuensis Wildekamp & Rosenstock, 1989 (Kafue killifish)
  • Nothobranchius kardashevi Valdesalici, 2012 [11]
  • Nothobranchius kilomberoensis Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 2002
  • Nothobranchius kirki R. A. Jubb, 1969 (Red-fin nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius korthausae Meinken, 1973
  • Nothobranchius krammeri Valdesalici & Hengstler, 2008
  • Nothobranchius krysanovi Shidlovskiy, Watters & Wildekamp, 2010
  • Nothobranchius kuhntae (Ahl, 1926) (Beira killifish)
  • Nothobranchius kwalensis W. J. E. M. Costa, 2019
  • Nothobranchius lourensi Wildekamp, 1977
  • Nothobranchius lucius Wildekamp, Shidlovskiy & Watters, 2009
  • Nothobranchius luekei Seegers, 1984
  • Nothobranchius makondorum Wildekamp, Shidlovskiy & Watters, 2009
  • Nothobranchius malaissei Wildekamp, 1978
  • Nothobranchius melanospilus (Pfeffer, 1896) (Black-spotted nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius microlepis (Vinciguerra, 1897) (Small-scaled nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius milvertzi Nagy, 2014 [13]
  • Nothobranchius neumanni (Hilgendorf, 1905)
  • Nothobranchius niassa Valdesalici, I. R. Bills, Dorn, Reichwald & Cellerino, 2012 [14]
  • Nothobranchius nubaensis Valdesalici, Bellemans, Kardashev & Golubtsov, 2009
  • Nothobranchius occultus Valdesalici, 2014 [5]
  • Nothobranchius ocellatus (Seegers, 1985)
  • Nothobranchius oestergaardi Valdesalici & G. Amato, 2011
  • Nothobranchius orthonotus (W. K. H. Peters, 1844) (Spotted killifish)
  • Nothobranchius palmqvisti (Lönnberg, 1907)
  • Nothobranchius patrizii (Vinciguerra, 1927) (Blue nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius pienaari Shidlovskiy, Watters & Wildekamp, 2010
  • Nothobranchius polli Wildekamp, 1978
  • Nothobranchius prognathus W. J. E. M. Costa, 2019
  • Nothobranchius rachovii Ahl, 1926 (Blue-fin nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius robustus Ahl, 1935 (Red victoria nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius rosenstocki Valdesalici & Wildekamp, 2005
  • Nothobranchius rubripinnis Seegers, 1986
  • Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus Blache & Miton, 1960
  • Nothobranchius ruudwildekampi W. J. E. M. Costa, 2009
  • Nothobranchius sagittae Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2014 [15]
  • Nothobranchius sainthousei Nagy, Cotterill & Bellstedt, 2016 [16]
  • Nothobranchius seegersi Valdesalici & Kardashev, 2011
  • Nothobranchius serengetiensis Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2014 [15]
  • Nothobranchius steinforti Wildekamp, 1977
  • Nothobranchius streltsovi Valdesalici (sv), 2016 [17]
  • Nothobranchius symoensi Wildekamp, 1978
  • Nothobranchius taeniopygus Hilgendorf, 1891 (Striped nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius taiti Nagy, 2019
  • Nothobranchius torgashevi Valdesalici, 2015 [18]
  • Nothobranchius ugandensis Wildekamp, 1994 (Uganda nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius usanguensis Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2014 [15]
  • Nothobranchius virgatus Chambers, 1984
  • Nothobranchius vosseleri Ahl, 1924 (Pangani nothobranchius)
  • Nothobranchius wattersi Ng'oma, Valdesalici, Reichwald & Cellerino, 2013 [19]
  • Nothobranchius willerti Wildekamp, 1992 (Mnanzini nothobranchius)
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See also

References
  1. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Nothobranchius in FishBase. September 2018 version.
  2. van der Laan, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fricke, R. (2014): Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa, 3882 (2): 1–230.
  3. Costa, W.J.E.M. (2016): Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids. Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (2): 125-140.
  4. Alexander Dorn, Zuzana Musilová, Matthias Platzer, Kathrin Reichwald and Alessandro Celler (2014) The strange case of East African annual fishes: aridification correlates with diversification for a savannah aquatic group? BMC Evolutionary Biology 14:210. DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0210-3
  5. Valdesalici, S. (2014): Nothobranchius bellemansi and Nothobranchius occultus (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) two new annual killifish from Sudan. Killi-Data Series, 2014: 4-19.
  6. Watters, B.R., Wildekamp, R.H. & Shidlovskiy, K.M. (2015): Description and biogeography of Nothobranchius capriviensis, a new species of annual killifish from the Zambezi Region of Namibia (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Journal of the American Killifish Association, 47 (4-6): 97-133.
  7. Nagy, B. (2014): Nothobranchius chochamandai, a new species of annual killifish from the Luapula drainage, Democratic Republic of Congo (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (2): 167-183.
  8. Nagy, B. (2018). "Nothobranchius ditte, a new species of annual killifish from the Lake Mweru basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Teleostei: Nothobranchiidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 28 (2): 115–134.
  9. Nagy, B. (2014): Nothobranchius flagrans, a new species of annual killifish from the Lufira drainage, Democratic Republic of Congo (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 259-276.
  10. Costa, W.J.E.M. (2017): Redescription of Nothobranchius lucius and description of a new species from Mafia Island, eastern Tanzania (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 93 (1): 35-44.
  11. Valdesalici, S. (2012): Nothobranchius kardashevi and Nothobranchius ivanovae (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae): two new annual killifishes from the Katuma River drainage, western Tanzania. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 18 (4): 191-198.
  12. Reichard, M. (2010). "Nothobranchius kadleci (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species of annual killifish from central Mozambique" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2332: 49–60.
  13. Nagy, B. (2014): Nothobranchius milvertzi, a new species of killifish from the Lushiba Marsh in the Lake Mweru drainage, Zambia (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (4): 347-360.
  14. Valdesalici, S., Bills, R., Dorn, A., Reichwald, K. & Cellerino, A. (2012): Nothobranchius niassa (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species of annual killifish from northern Mozambique. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 19-28.
  15. Wildekamp, R.H., Watters, B.R. & Shidlovskiy, K.M. (2014): Review of the Nothobranchius neumanni species group with descriptions of three new species from Tanzania (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Journal of the American Killifish Association, 47 (1): 2-30.
  16. Nagy, B., Cotterill, F.P.D. & Bellstedt, D.U. (2016): Nothobranchius sainthousei, a new species of annual killifish from the Luapula River drainage in northern Zambia (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 27 (3): 233-254.
  17. Valdesalici, S. (2016): Nothobranchius streltsovi, a new species of annual killifish with two male colour morphs from the Malagarasi drainage, central Tanzania (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 27 (2): 153-161.
  18. Valdesalici, S. (2015): Nothobranchius torgashevi (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) a new species of annual killifish with two male colour morphs from the Lake Eyasi Basin, Central Tanzania. Killi-Data Series, 2015: 17-30.
  19. Ng'oma, E., Valdesalici, S., Reichwald, K. & Cellerino, A. (2013): Genetic and morphological studies of Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes) from Malawi with description of Nothobranchius wattersi sp. nov. Journal of Fish Biology, 82 (1): 165–188.
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